东北寒旱区大豆-玉米间作种植模式技术优化

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.03.02

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore a soybean-maize intercropping pattern suitable for the ecological conditions in the cold and arid regions of northeast China.【Methods】 A one-way random block design was used to set up six treatments： 2∶2 pattern （BO-S2∶M2）,4∶4 pattern（BO-S4∶M4）,4∶2 pattern（BO-S4∶M2） and 6∶4 pattern（BO-S6∶M4） of soybean-maize row ratio before optimization,and 6∶2 mode（AO-S2∶M2） and 4∶4 mode（AO-S4∶M4） after optimization,monoculture corn,monoculture soybeanwere used as control. The fertility process of each intercropping pattern land equivalent ratio,net effect,compensating effect,selection effect and economic benefits were analyzed.【Results】 Compare with monocropping soybean under intercropping patterns,the growth period of soybean was delayed by 2-3 days compared with that of monoculture soybean. The land equivalent ratio of each intercropping mode was greater than 1,and the crop yield increased by 13%-36% compared with monoculture. The net effect of AO-S2∶M2 pattern was 317.04 kg/hm²,which was significantly higher than that of other patterns（P<0.05）. Among the intercropping patterns,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the largest compensating effect,which was significantly higher than that of the BO-S2∶M2 pattern（P<0.05）. Compared with the pre-optimization period,the AO-S2∶M2 pattern selection effect increased by 46.90%. Compared with monoculture maize,AO-S2∶M2 and AO-S4∶M4 increased by 38.16 and 9.33 yuan/hm²,respectively. Compared with monoculture soybean,all intercropping patterns showed an increase of 53.39-379.74 yuan/hm². Principal component analysis（PCA） showed that the AO-S2∶M2 pattern had the highest comprehensive score of 2.11,followed by the AO-S4∶M4 pattern（0.62）.【Conclusion】 The advantages of 2∶2 and 4∶4 intercropping patterns of soybean-maize after optimization of planting technology are prominent,and the intercropping mode of soybean-maize after optimization has the greatest advantage over the 2∶2 intercropping mode,which has more promotion value in cold and arid region of northeast China.

Key words: Cold and arid region of northeast China, Soybeans-maize intercropping, Cultivation pattern, Land equivalent ratio, Economic benefits

CLC Number:

S565.1

TIAN Lei, ZHANG Yuezhong, SUN Jiying, LIANG Hongwei, ZHOU Yimin, YU Changsheng, AI Junguo, LIU Yulong, WU Fei, YUAN Zhiqiang. Technical optimization of soybean-maize intercropping pattern in cold and arid region of northeast China[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(3): 19-28.

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Technical optimization of soybean-maize intercropping pattern in cold and arid region of northeast China

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