Abstract: In this paper,27 edible seed watermelon varieties were used as the materials,which from Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Gansu province and Guangdong province.The single melon seed production and other major production factors were mainly studied in this research, Among other major production factors,there were length of fruit,width of fruit,weight of single fruit,seeds of single fruit,seed length seed width,seed thickness and 100-seed weight.The correlation,path and regression analysis were made in this experiment, and the result showed that correlation between seeds with watermelon single melon seed production and most of the other the yield characters were very closely. But the path analysis showed that there was an influence on the single melon production of seed directly which was seeds of single fruit,weight of single fruit and 100-seed weight. While other factors just existed the indirect effect on seed yield single fruit through the above three major factors.When other yield factors remained the same level,it was effective to increase the seed yield of single fruit by adding seeds of single fruit,100-seed weight and weight of single fruit.The average shape index of seed watermelon shape index was between 0.49 and 1.13,the relationship between the fruit shape index and seed yield showed the seed yield of single fruit increased firstly and then decreased with increasing fruit shape index,and when the fruit shape index was 1.04,seed yield of single fruit reached the most.