Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the main varieties of cotton production are not clear in the extreme arid area of Western Inner Mongolia, the growth and development process, agronomic characters and yield characters of 48 cotton varieties （lines） were evaluated. The results showed that based on the boll number, boll opening rate, seed cotton yield and lint yield of 4 main varieties of each index and average factor scores of cotton varieties, Tianyuan No. I, Xinluzao 41, 351113,49,351116, Henan cotton No.5, 1822,Wine No.8,Wine No.10,Xinluzao 48, Xinluzhong 42, Zhong 4907, the new agricultural cotton No.4, N5587, Huamian 2270,Zhongmiansuo 92,Zhong 6845, CCRI 619, N8002 etc.were suitable for planting in Ejina banner.on the basis of ecological adaptability, Tianyuan No. 1, Xinluzao 41, 351113, 49, 351116, Henan cotton cotton No. 5,1822,wine No. 8,wine No. 10, Xinluzao 48, Xinluzhong 42 and other varieties had excellent comprehensive performance ,which are expected to become the main planting variety.