Abstract: Through field experiment,the influence of a wet year and dry year on the economic yield of dryland flax was discussed under four kinds of nitrogen and phosphorus treatment,to provide certain theoretical basis for reasonable cultivation flax to increase production.The results showed that under wet year and dry year,dry matter accumulation and grain yield of flax had significant differences between different treatment,including low nitrogen and low phosphorus treatment(N60P60)with the greatest value.Compared with the control,the yield increased by 23.3%in wet year and 10.4%in dry year,respectively.Four treatment increased the contribution rate of fertilizer,but the contribution rate of fertilizer had a significant difference between different treatment.Low nitrogen and low phosphorus(N60P60)had the biggest difference,18.9%in wet year and 9.4%in dry years,respectively.