To study the differences in yield and characters of different sunflower varieties,9 edible sunflower and 4 oil sunflower varieties were selected.The yield,yield components,dry matter accumulation and SPAD values were studied.The results showed that the yield of SH363 was the highest of the edible sunflowers,up to 5.15 t/hm2,which was 28.43%higher than the average yield;the yield of TP261 was the highest of the oil sunflowers,up to 4.34 t/hm2,which was 6.03%higher than the average yield.The correlation analysis of yield and its related characters showed that the single disk weight had the greatest impact on the yield,and can be used as one of the reference indexes for the evaluation of high yield varieties.The single disk number and the length of grain can be used as two of the important indexes to measure the shell rate.This study provides a theoretical basis for the determination of the indexes for screening different types of high-yield sunflower varieties.

As a typical representative area of the potato growing area in Inner Mongolia,Wuchuan county has relatively simple potato varieties in recent years and cannot meet different market demands.In order to speed up the development of the potato industry in this region,alleviate the single issue of varieties,and provide reference for the introduction of new varieties,12 different varieties of cultivars were evaluated in Wuchuan area in 2016.A comprehensive assessment showed that Kangni Baker ranked first with 6.3 points;Zhongshu9 ranked second with 6.2 points;Jizhangshu5 ranked third with 4.9 points;Jinshu15 ranked fourth with 3.9 points;Kexin1 as the control ranked fifth with 3.8 points;and the remaining varieties were less than the control.According to the ranking order of the initial screening,the above four varieties can be used as substitutes in the next step to promote the Wuchuan region alternative varieties.The results can be used as a basis for the selection of potato varieties in central Inner Mongolia.

To explore the effect of exogenous salicylic acid on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Avena sativa L.under saline-alkali stress,a neutral salt solution and an alkaline salt solution were applied to generate stress followed by the application two concentrations of exogenous salicylic acid.The results showed that alkali stress significantly inhibits antioxidant enzyme activity compared with salt stress,and the antioxidant enzyme activity of the resistant variety“Monyan No.1”was significantly improved under salt-alkali stress.The content of malondialdehyde was less than that of the taiyangshen,application of exogenous salicylic acid significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity,which had a better effect on improving alkali stress,and the 0.05 mmol/L concentration was more effective than the 0.1 mmol/L concentration.

The effects of N ion implantation doses on growth and development and characteristics of photosynthesis of the main cultivars wheat in the region(Lianmai 7 and Yannong 19)were investigated by pot planting experiment.The results indicated that different N ion implantation doses had different negative influences on germination,seedling height,plant height,SPAD readings and characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis between Lianmai 7 and Yannong 19.In addition,growth process of the two kinds of wheat were delayed under these conditions.At increasing of doses,the effects of N ion implantation on growth and development and characteristics of photosynthesis of wheat were increased constantly,in which the inhibitory effects of N ion implantation on Lianmai 7 were less than on Yannong 19.When implanted with 3×1016 N+/cm2,the net photosynthesis rate of the flag leaf of Yannong 19 was significantly decreased during the late filling period,however the net photosynthesis rate of the flag leaf of Lianmai 7 significantly decreased at the 4×1016 N+/cm2 level.The above results showed that the sensitivity of N ion implantation dose in Lianmai 7 was lower than Yannong 19.It was concluded that different doses of N+implantation affect the growth and development of the two wheat varieties to a certain extent,thus affecting the formation of high yields,and there were differences among the varieties,among which the sensitivity of Lianmai 7 to N+implantation dose was lower than that of Yannong 19.

This study was conducted in order to further clarify the relationships between planting density of different sorghum varieties and soil moisture content,growth and development,biological yield and yield components.In this paper,the sorghum hybrid'tongza 139'selected and bred by the sorghum research institute of Tongliao academy of agricultural sciences was used as the experimental material.Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different planting densities on soil water content,sorghum growth,yield and its components.The experiment was conducted with a randomized block design,with three densities 75 000 plants/hm2 105 000 plants/hm2 and 135 000 plants/hm2,and three replicates.Data analysis showed that plant height increased and stem diameter decreased with the increase of planting density.The average soil water content of 105 000 plants/hm2 was 12.66%and 8.28%higher than those of 75 000 plants/hm2 and 135 000 plants/hm2,respectively,and the differences were significant.Leaf area index increased significantly with the increase of planting density.When the planting density was between 75 000 and 105 000 plant/hm2,as planting density increased,the grain yield increased accordingly.The panicle weight,grain weight per panicle,1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle all decreased with the increase of planting density.The results showed that when the planting density of‘tongza 139’was 105 000 plants/hm2 and the row spacing of plants was 50 cm×15.87 cm,the soil water and fertilizer conditions could be well balanced,the spatial structure could be rationally constructed and the yield level could be maximized.

In order to determine the technical measures for high-yield maize cultivation in Hetao irrigation area and explore greater potential for yield increases,a randomized block group experiment was conducted in 2018 with one hole and two plants using different hole spacings and row spacings.The results show that the optimum allocation of hole spacing×row spacing between films is between 33×86 and 36×76 under the experiment conditions of Denghai 618,96 000 plants/hm2 and 40 cm row spacing on-film.Investigation and analysis of the changes of leaf area and dry matter during the growth period show that 36×76 and 33×86 treatments have larger leaf area per plant,longer green leaf duration and faster accumulation of dry matter after spinning.The yield difference between 36 cm×76 cm and 33 cm×86 cm is not significant,but the differences between 36 cm×76 cm,33 cm×86 cm and 39 cm×67 cm are significant,and the difference between 30 cm×96 cm and 27 cm×114 cm is extremely significant.In conclusion,the optimal hole spacing and row spacing of maize with two plants in one hole with high yield were determined to be 33 cm×86 cm and 36 cm×76 cm in Hetao irrigation area.

The glucosinolates comprise a group of important secondary metabolites in cruciferous plants.They play an important role in plant defense,flavor and anti-cancer activities.However,the rational utilization of rapeseed would be limited by excessive concentrations of glucosinolates and their degradation products.In recent years,with the intensive study of the biosynthesis pathway of glucosinolates and genome sequencing in Brassica juncea,glucosinolate gene regulation and synthesis has become a hot research topic,such as the MYB,CYP79,CYP83 and GTR gene families.The biological functions of glucosinolates,the regulation and biosynthetic genes involved in Arabidopsis thaliana and studies on the reduction of glucoside content in Brassica juncea were reviewed in this paper.

In order to explore the effects of different continuous cropping years on soil microbial flora in the tobacco rhizosphere,the effects of two,four and six years of continuous cropping on soil microbial quantity,community structure and diversity in the tobacco rhizosphere were analyzed by the sequencing of gene diversity.The results showed that the number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil decreased and the number of fungi increased with the increase of continuous cropping years of tobacco.The results of gene sequencing showed that the diversity of the microbial community decreased gradually with the increase of continuous cropping years,and the community structure changed.The structure of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil differed greatly under vigorous and long-term no-cropping years,and the structure of the fungal community also differed before and during vigorous and long-term transplantation.The relative abundances of microbial species may be responsible for the differences in fungal community structure between different cropping years.The species of the dominant genus of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of the tobacco field changed little during different continuous cropping years,while the species of the dominant genus of the fungal community changed greatly.The results showed the enrichment of pathogenic microorganisms and the decrease of beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere soil with the increase of continuous cropping years.

This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used diagnostic methods for nitrogen nutrition from two aspects of traditional diagnosis and non-destructive diagnosis.The development of digital image processing technology in the diagnosis of crop nitrogen nutrition and its prospect for application in sugar beet production were emphatically expounded.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen management and accurate fertilization in sugar beet production.

To study the situation of potato fertilization in Ulanqab,which is the main potato planting region in Inner Mongolia,a sampling survey of households in the city’s five potato planting counties was undertaken in 2016.The results indicated:In dry land,the total potato fertilizer input is 66.4-984.1 kg/hm2,and the average input is 330.9 kg/hm2;In irrigated land,the total potato fertilizer input is 118.5-2 211.9 kg/hm2,and average input is 796.3 kg/hm2.In irrigated land,the prominent existing problem is over-application of fertilizer.On the other hand,in dry land,there is a low input of potassium fertilizer.In dry land 77.2%of households used organic fertilizer;In irrigated land,only 20.3%of households used the organic fertilizer.Looking at the above factors,we should appropriately increase the topdressing proportion of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers,and should also reasonably confirm nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratios in dry lands.In irrigated land,the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on potatoes should be reduced and the use of precise fertilization technology should be expanded.

To understand the fertilizer requirement of potatoes in Shangdu under the conditions of fertilization technology,we designed a comparative experiment of potato fertilization methods.“Xingjia No.2”was used as test material,and we explicated the method of conventional and utilization in this test.The results show that,the yield of potato with fertilizer increased by 2 493 kg/hm2,an increase of 9.07%.Compared with conventional fertilization,the method of utilization increased the efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 8.9%,8.5%and 7.0%,respectively.It indicated that the implementation of fertigation could significantly improve the yield and fertilizer ratio of potato.

This study focused on the difference between drought resistance and water-saving drought resistance.Based on environmental indexes which were drought yield index(DYI),high water yield index(WHY)and yield-water efficient utilization index(YHWUEI),the water-saving and drought resistance of maize varieties in Hexi Corridor oasis irrigated area were evaluated.Those with the DYI,WYI and YHWUEI indexes which were all greater than 1.050 were defined as the high water efficiency maize varieties in this area.Those with the three indexes less than 1.000 were defined as the low water efficient maize varieties.Those with the three-indexes in the range of 1.000-1.050 were defined as the middle water efficient maize varieties.In this experiment,the WUE of Ganyu 801 in drought stress and water filling environments were higher than other varieties.Moreover,its DYI,WHY,YHWUEI indexes were higher than 1.050.According to these results,Ganyu 801 could be considered as a high water efficiency maize variety in Hexi Corridor.

To address the current situation of severe shortage of water resources,low annual rainfall and low utilization rate of water resources in potato production in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia autonomous region,research on drought-resistance,water-saving and high-yield efficient technology were conducted.The conditions of integrated treatment were as follows.Ploughing depth was 35 cm;the gully was set to a water retaining raft per 5 m;the soil was ploughed 3 times;the thickness of the soil was 18 cm;and the micro-fertilizer was sprayed 3 times at 9 kg/hm2.The potato yield reached 32 278.05 kg/hm2,which was increased by 41.59%compared with the control.The economic benefit was 13 281.90 yuan/hm2,which was increased by 99.58%compared with the control.The conditions of the control were as follows.Ploughing depth was 20 cm;the gully was not set;the soil was ploughed 2 times;and the micro-fertilizer was not sprayed.The application of high-efficiency integrated technology of dryland potato cultivation can significantly increase potato yield and economic benefit.

This study was conducted in order to clarify the effects of different chemical agents and dosages on potato tuber late blight control and commercial potato yield under soaking conditions of potato seed potatoes.In this experiment,Atlantic Ocean was used as the tested variety,and the extracts of Anke,Kelu and Metalaxyl Mn-Zn were used diluted at 350 times and 500 times of the two kinds of medicinal solutions to soak seeds,and comprehensive analysis of different types and dosages of potato stalk late blight was carried out.The effects of prevention and control on the yield of medium potato and large potato,total potato yield and storage morbidity were all significant.The results showed that the 50%Anke wettable powder was the best in treatment of late blight.With its use,the incidence rate was 5.49%,the control effect was increased by 20.32 compared with the control,the highest yield of tubers was 29.57 t/hm2,and the rate of rotten potatoes during storage was the lowest at 3.64%,which was 13.97 percentage points lower than the control.According to the comprehensive analysis,it is more suitable to use the 50%Anke wettable powder diluted by 350 times in the potato production process.

For screening high-efficient and safe broadleaf weeds herbicides in flax fields,this study carried out application tests of 5 herbicides including 30%topramezone SC and 7 mixtures including 30%topramezone SC 180 mL/hm2+48%Bentazone AS 2 250 mL/hm2 by spraying on stems and leaves of flax seedlings.The results showed that 2 mixtures had excellent control effects on broadleaf weeds in flax fields.The plant and fresh weight control effects of 30%topramezone SC 180 mL/hm2+15%thifensulfuron methyl WP 225 g/hm2 were 90.63%and 77.50%,respectively.The plant and fresh weight control effects of 48%Bentazone AS 2 250 mL/hm2+15%thifensulfuron methyl WP 300 g/hm2 were 88.54%and 92.88%,respectively.The flax resumed growth after spraying 7 days and the 2 mixtures were safe for flax growth.In summary,the two mixtures had excellent control effects on broadleaf weeds.They were cheap and significantly increased the yield of flax so they should be popularized and applied in flax production.

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the feeding value of mowing oat grass and provide a theoretical basis for breeding new varieties.A high-precision near-infrared rapid analysis technique was used to analyze the main nutrients of the stems,leaves and spikes of nine varieties of mowing oats in this paper.The results showed that the highest were the crude protein and fat content of the leaves,the water-soluble carbohydrate content in spikes,and the acid detergent fibers and neutral detergent fibers in the stem of mowing oat.The leaves and spikes of the mowing oats have the highest nutritional value,and the stems have the lowest nutritional value.Therefore,we should pay attention to the proportion of stems,leaves and spikes in the whole plant when breeding new forage oat varieties.

In the returning farmland to grassland in the farming pastoral ecotone of Siziwang Banner in Inner Mongolia,four different types of soils were investigated by using line transects method.The four types were the plant communities of chestnut soil,brown calcic soil,gray-drab soil and meadow soil,and the characteristics studied included the plant community structure,species composition,the ecological type of plant water,α-diversity and community stability.The results showed that the number of species decreased gradually from simple to complex,and tended to stabilize after returning farmland to grassland with the increase of years upon returning from farmland.Chestnut soil,brown calcareous soil and gray-drab soil were dominated by typical xerophytes,and meadow soil was dominated by xerophytes.The plant diversity of chestnut soil was slightly higher than that of brown calcic soil,gray-drab soil and meadow soil.The community stability of brown calcic soil was higher than that of other three soil types,and there was no obvious relationship between the stability and diversity of plant communities in the four soil types.Therefore,it is important to protect the plant diversity in the farming pastoral ecotone for the development and rational utilization of the desert steppe farming pastoral ecotone.

In order to fully understand the impact of climate change on China's agriculture,and adapt to the possible impact of climate and resource changes,to provide suggestions for national food security,social harmony and stability and the stable and healthy economic development,and to provide guidance for related research work,the research results and existing problems outlined by domestic scholars on the impact of climate change on China’s agricultural climate resources and agricultural production are summarized in this paper.On this basis,this analysis looks forward to the work urgently needed in agricultural science research under the background of climate change in the future.The impacts of climate change on China’s agricultural climate resources are mainly reflected in several clearly defined aspects.With the increase of temperature,accumulated temperature and heat resources,the increase in the north is greater than that in the south.The light resources are decreasing,but there are regional differences.Annual precipitation changes are complex,with obvious regional differences,and tend to be decreasing.The research on the impact of climate change on agricultural production in China mainly focuses on the impact of changes in crop yield,planting systems and planting structure.The results show that the boundary between agricultural planting area and planting systems moves to the north,the effect of warming and drying on agricultural production does more harm than good,and the planting structure needs scientific adjustment.Under the background of climate change in China,impacts on the quality of agricultural products,cropping systems,and agricultural disasters,so measures should be further developed to cope with climate change and the experimental research of the applicable scope,including research on the climatic resources utilization technology,agricultural ecosystem environment regulate technology,the national food security key technology and development of the ability to adapt to climate change.

In order to find the suitable calculation methods for reference crop evapotranspiration(ET0)of the Ordos Plateau area and based on the daily meteorological data from January 1961 to December 2010 monitored by local weather stations,taking the FAO56Penman-Monteith method as the standard to compare with the FAO-79Penman method,Irmark-Allen method,Priestley-Taylor method,and Hargreaves-Samani method,the ET0 values were calculated respectively,and the adaptabilities of these four methods were evaluated by linear regression and variance analysis.The results showed that the calculation results by Irmark-Allen method and FAO-79Penman method were closer to those of the FAO56Penman-Monteith method in the Ordos Plateau area.Therefore,the ET0 value can be calculated using the FAO-79 Penman method in the Ordos Plateau area.If there are no humidity or wind speed data,the Irmark-Allen method can replace the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method to calculate the ET0 value.

Based on the MCI index of 16 meteorological stations in HulunBuir city from 1971 to 2014 and the theory of natural disaster risk zoning,a model for the establishment of drought disaster risk zoning was established.Based on the GIS technology and remote sensing technology,the risk zoning map at the spatial resolution of 1km×1km was drawn.The risk zoning map showed that HulunBuir grassland drought disaster risk was generally high,the lack of infrastructure and drought resistance,agricultural production in Arong county and Zhalantun city had high drought risk values,but it was relatively low in Yakeshi city and Genhe city which had many mountains and forests.It was suggested that we should strengthen drought-prevention and drought-resistance facilities in drought-prone areas and rationally arrange and standardize agricultural and animal husbandry production activities.

The goal was to study the growth of lettuce in different nutrient solutions and select the optimum nutrient solution which will be used in Inner Mongolia,with 1/4 Hogland and Arnon,Nutrient solution formula,Leaf vegetables of South China Agricultural University(B)as the three nutrient solution treatments were set using lettuce as material.The results showed that use of 1/4 Hogland and Arnon produced the greatest fresh weight of above ground,up to 47.35 g/plant,which was,respectively,10.3 g/plant higher than Nutrient solution formula and 11.3 g/plant higher than Leaf vegetables of South China Agricultural University(B).Relative Chlorophyll content using 1/4 Hogland and Arnon was 21.73,which was significantly 17.91 higher than the chlorophyll content using Leaf vegetables of South China Agricultural University(B).In alkaline conditions,Nutrient solution had the stable EC of 1/4 Hogland and Arnon,which was suitable for the growth of lettuce.Therefore,1/4 Hogland and Arnon is the most suitable nutrient solution for Inner Mongolia.The results provide a useful reference for the cultivation of leafy vegetables in nutrient solutions for the hard water areas of northern China.

Sustainable development of agriculture is an inevitable choice for realizing the strategy of rural revitalization.The problems faced by the sustainable development of agriculture in Kalaqin Banner are systematically analyzed in this paper,and ideas and countermeasures for strengthening the protection of agricultural ecological resources,strengthening the environmental protection and governance of the production area were put forward to establish a sustainable agricultural development system.