【Objective】Clarify the effects of planting densities on the agronomic traits and yield of broad beans,to explore the optimal planting density of broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In 2022 and 2023,using Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 broad beans as experiment materials and randomized block design,five planting densities, D1（90 000 plants/hm²）,D2（120 000 plants/hm²）,D3（150 000 plants/hm²）,D4（180 000 plants/hm²）,and D5（210 000 plants/hm²） were set up to analyze the effects of different planting densities on the main agronomic traits,yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans.【Results】The plant height of broad beans had increasing trend with the increase of planting densities,while the total number of branches and effective branch number per plant had decreasing trend. With the increase of planting densities,the main yield traits,yield and economic benefits of broad beans had the trends of first increase and then decrease. The performance of different planting densities were：D4>D3>D5>D2>D1. Under D4 treatment,the yield of Mengcan No. 1 and Mengcan No. 2 were highest at 2 089.74,2 210.66 kg/hm² in 2022 and 2 152.15,2 249.66 kg/hm² in 2023,the net income were highest as well at 13 439.76,14 478.16 yuan/hm² in 2022 and 13 947.97,14 739.54 yuan/hm² in 2023.【Conclusion】The optimal planting density for broad beans in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia was 180 000 plants/hm². Under this density,the agronomic traits of broad bean performed well,the yield and economic benefits were the best.

【Objective】Understand the cotton boll and fiber quality traits and their correlation of island-upland hybrid long-staple cotton to provide references for breeding high yield island-upland hybrid long-staple cotton.【Methods】New hybrid combinations of island-upland cotton were developed using self-selected insect-resistant upland cotton germplasm line as female parent,and production promoted and applied Xinjiang long-staple island cotton variety as male parent. The cotton boll traits,fiber quality traits and the correlations of the F₁ of the 23 island-upland hybrid cotton combinations were analyzed. 【Results】In the 23 island-upland hybrid cotton combinations,the variation range of F₁ single boll weight was 3.7-5.0 g. 12 combinations had single boll weight over 4.2 g,with a 9.0% coefficient of variation. The variation range of lint percentage was 20.1%-36.7%. 5 combinations had lint percentage over 30.0%,with a 10.7% coefficient of variation. The variation range for fiber length was 34.5-38.5 mm. 22 combinations had fiber length over 35.0 mm,with a 2.6% coefficient of variation. The variation range of fiber specific strength was 34.8-41.8 cN/tex. 9 combinations had fiber specific strength over 39.0 cN/tex,with a 5.3% coefficient of variation. The variation range of micronaire value was 2.8-4.2. There were 10 combinations with A-level micronaire value and a coefficient of variation of 11.8%. The single boll weight of the island-upland hybrid cotton was extremely significantly（r=-0.683**） negatively correlated with the sterile seed rate,extremely significantly（r=0.660**）positively correlated with seed numbers per capsule and significantly（r=0.495*） positively correlated with capsule numbers per boll. The fiber uniformity of the island-upland hybrid cotton was extremely significantly（r=0.578**,r=0.639**） positively correlated with fiber length and fiber specific strength,and significantly（r=0.506*） positively correlated with elongation rate. Lint percentage was significantly（r=-0.475*） negatively correlated with fiber length. Among 23 island-upland hybrid cotton combinations,W042 × Xinhai No. 53,W046 × Xinhai No. 54 and W047 × Xinhai No. 54 showed simultaneous improvement of cotton boll traits and fiber quality traits.【Conclusion】The simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality traits of long-staple cotton can be realized by utilizing the complementary heterosis crossing upland cotton with long-staple island cotton.

【Objective】Clarify the effects of continuous tillage and straw returning on soil nutrients and maize yield,to provide references for the improvement of maize yield.【Methods】Four treatments including subsoiling with straw returning（ST_S）,subsoiling （ST₀）,no-tillage with straw returning （NT_S） and no-tillage （NT₀） were set up. Soil samples were collected from 0-100 cm soil layer at maize maturity stage,and tested for soil nitrogen content,nitrogen storage,polysaccharide content,fulvic acid content,humic acid content,aggregate relative content and mean weight diameter,as well as aggregate nitrogen content. Maize yield was tested as well to analyze the effects of continuous tillage and straw returning on soil nutrient content and maize yield.【Results】ST_S significantly increased the soil nitrogen content and nitrogen storage in 0-20 cm soil layer by 96.19% and 89.35% compared with NT₀. In the 20-100 cm soil layer,ST_S soil nitrogen content were higher,with a 13.13% increase compared with NT₀. ST_S significantly increased 20-100 cm soil layer nitrogen storage by 29.20% compared with NT₀. ST_S increased 0-40 cm soil layer polysaccharide,fulvic acid and humic acid content by 17.45%,62.66%,and 10.63% compared with NT₀. In 0-40 cm soil layer,ST_S significantly increased 2-1 mm and <0.053 mm aggregate relative contents by 41.92% and 336.42% compared with NT₀. Nitrogen content of aggregates at >1 mm and <0.053 mm in the soil were highest,increased by 14.46% and 6.86% compared with NT₀. ST_S improved maize yield by 8.29% compared with NT₀.【Conclusion】Subsoiling with straw returning was more conducive to increasing the continuous tillage and straw returning nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer,the contents of polysaccharide,fulvic acid and humic acid in 0-40 cm soil layer,and promoting the formation of larger aggregates,thus increased maize yield.

【Objective】To explore the application effect and suitable substitution ratio of organic fertilizer substitute chemical fertilizer in potato production in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in Wuchuan County,Hohhot City,Inner Mongolia. Eight treatments were set up,including 100%M（100% organic fertilizer）,75%M（75% organic fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer）,50%M（50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer）,25%M（25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer）,NPK（chemical fertilizer only,N 210 kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 120 kg/hm²,K₂O 180 kg/hm²）,no nitrogen fertilizer（PK）,no phosphorus fertilizer（NK）,and no potassium fertilizer（NP）. The effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on potato yield,nutrient accumulation,fertilizer utilization rate,and water use efficiency were analyzed.【Results】Under different organic fertilizer substitution ratios,yield,large tuber yield,small tuber yield,and number of tubers per plant of 25%M treatment were highest at 31 812,18 250,13.56 kg/hm²,and 7.90,respectively. Increased by 3.14%,2.22%,4.39%,and 23.82% compared with NPK treatment. 25%M treatment had the highest increase of potato dry matter accumulation amount,and significantly higher（P<0.05） N accumulation amount compared with other treatments. Organic fertilizer increased potato fertilizer utilization rate,with 50%M treatment having the highest nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate at 43.94%. 25%M treatment had the highest phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rate at 17.57%,60.95% and highest agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer at 35.86%,38.98%,and 25.00%,respectively. 25%M treatment had the highest water use efficiency at 125.81 kg/（hm²·mm）,significantly higher（P<0.05）than other treatments.【Conclusion】25%M（25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer）treatment increased potato yield,nutrient accumulation,and fertilizer utilization rate,improved water use efficiency,was the optimal fertilization method for potato production in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different biochar types and application amounts on loess soil physicochemical properties and millet growth in northern Shaanxi.【Methods】Three biochar types of corn straw（JG）,rice husk（DK）and bamboo stalk（ZG）were selected. Three carbon application levels,C1（300 g/m²）,C2（600 g/m²）and C3（1 200 g/m²）were set up,and no biochar application was set as control（CK）. Using indoor simulation millet cultivation experiments,by measuring soil physicochemical properties and millet growth indexes,the effects of different biochar types and application amounts on loess soil physicochemical properties and millet growth in northern Shaanxi were studied.【Results】DK biochar had significant regulation effects on soil water content and bulk density. Compared with JGC2 and ZGC2 treatments,soil water content of DKC2 treatment decreased significantly（P<0.05） by 15.78% and 18.26%,respectively. Compared with JGC3 and ZGC3 treatments,the soil bulk density of DKC3 treatment decreased significantly（P<0.05） by 20.07% and 24.63%,respectively. When applying ZG biochar,the contents of soil organic carbon and available potassium gradually increased with the increase of biochar application amount. Under ZGC3 treatment,the contents of soil organic carbon and available potassium significantly（P<0.05） increased by 134.35% and 77.94%,respectively,compared with CK. When JG biochar was applied,the millet plant height and aboveground dry weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar application amount. The millet plant height and aboveground dry weight of JGC2 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 32.62%,77.13%,respectively,compared with CK. Grain weight per panicle,total dry weight and plot yield significantly increased（P<0.05） by 126.18%,65.36%,57.54% and 79.25%,82.46%,50.37%,respectively compared with DKC2 and ZGC2 treatments. The underground dry weight,root surface area and root shoot ratio of millet treated with DK biochar increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar amount. Compared with CK,the underground dry weight,root surface area and root shoot ratio of millet under DKC2 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 104.53%,90.30% and 82.11%,respectively. The grain harvest index of ZGC3 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 50.00% compared with DKC3 treatment.【Conclusion】Different biochar types and application amounts had different effects on millet growth. 600 g/m² corn straw biochar treatment was more conducive to the improvement of millet dry weight,600 g/m² rice husk biochar treatment was more conducive to the growth of millet root system,and 1 200 g/m² bamboo stalk biochar treatment was more conducive to the improvement of millet harvest index. Planting millet in loess soil of northern Shaanxi,applying corn stalk and bamboo stalk biochar had better ability of regulating soil water and fertilizer and increasing yield and efficiency.

【Objective】 Assess the effects of different types and ratios of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizers on soil fertility and sunflower yield in the Hetao Irrigation Area,to select for the organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application models that could simultaneously improve the soil organic carbon and sunflower yield.【Methods】 Eight treatments were set up including no fertilization（CK）,conventional chemical fertilizer nitrogen application（MN）,20% sheep manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+80% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（SN1）,40% sheep manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+60% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（SN2）,20% cow manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+80% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（CN1）,40% cow manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+60% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（CN2）,20% pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+80% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（PN1）,and 40% pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+60% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（PN2）. The effects of different types and ratios of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer on soil organic carbon,total nitrogen content,ammonium nitrogen concentration,nitrate nitrogen concentration,inorganic nitrogen concentration,aggregate composition,as well as sunflower plant traits,aboveground biomass,yield,and nitrogen use efficiency were analyzed.【Results】Compared with MN treatment,application of sheep manure organic fertilizer nitrogen had no significant effect（P>0.05） on soil organic carbon content. Application of cow and pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen significantly increased soil organic carbon content（P<0.05）,and the improvement effect increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application rates;CN1 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and total inorganic nitrogen concentrations by 9.7%,6.0%,and 7.6%,respectively;PN2 treatment significantly increased （P<0.05） the mass proportion of soil macroaggregates by 29.3%. Compared with MN treatment,CN1 and PN1 treatments significantly increased（P<0.05） sunflower disc diameter and thousand grain weight by 5.8% and 4.0%;the aboveground biomass of sunflowers significantly increased（P<0.05） by 4.6% and 12.8%;the yield and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly improved（P<0.05）,with CN1 treatment having the highest increase at 14.3% and 66.1%,respectively.【Conclusion】20% cow/pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+80% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatments were beneficial for improving soil organic carbon content and increasing sunflower disc diameter,thousand grain weight,yield,and nitrogen use efficiency,achieved simultaneously improvement of soil organic carbon content and sunflower yield,can be used as suitable organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application models for low fertility farmland in Hetao Irrigation Area.

【Objective】Explore the effects of long-term different fertilization modes on potato yield and nutrient absorption in the dry farming area at the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains.【Methods】On the basis of the long-term positioning tests at the National Soil Quality Wuchuan Observation and Experimental Station,using Huasong No.7 as test material,four treatments including no fertilization（CK）,nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilization（NPK）,organic fertilization only（M）,and organic fertilization on top of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization（NPK + M） were set up. The effects of different treatments on soil nutrient contents,potato yield and yield component,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation.【Results】On the 90th day after emergence,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter content of NPK+M treatment increased significantly（P<0.05） by 206.85%,254.15%,241.86%,and 125.18% compared with CK. Soil pH value significantly decreased（P<0.05） by 10.81% compared with CK. Potato yield and commercial potato rate significantly increased（P<0.05） by 126.19% and 17.28% compared with CK. Dry matter accumulation significantly increased（P<0.05） by 196.92% compared with CK. The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium significantly increased（P<0.05） by 209.54%,167.74% and 196.13% compared with CK. Potato yield was significantly（P<0.05） positively correlated with dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and phosphorus accumulation,and extremely significantly（P<0.01） positively correlated with potassium accumulation.【Conclusion】Adding organic fertilizer on top of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased potato yield and quality,potato had the best nutrient absorption capacity,was the most suitable fertilization mode for potato in the dry farming area at the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains.

【Objective】To identify the optimal nitrogen fertilization mode to maximize the yield of wide-range densely planted oats in the southern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】A two-factor experimental design was employed with five nitrogen levels（N1：35 kg/hm²,N2：70 kg/hm²,N3：105 kg/hm²,N4：140 kg/hm²,N5：175 kg/hm²） and two topdressing stages（T1：tillering stage,T2：booting stage）. The impact of different nitrogen application levels and topdressing stages on nitrogen balance index（NBI）,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oats at each growing stages were analyzed.【Results】During the middle and late growth stages,both the net photosynthetic rate and NBI of oats increased first and then decreased with rising nitrogen levels. At grain-filling stage,N4 nitrogen level in the T2 treatment had best photosynthetic efficiency,but no significant difference（P>0.05）with N3 nitrogen level. At the same nitrogen level,compared with T1 treatment,T2 treatment enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and NBI of middle and late growth period stages oats by 1.40%-11.97% and 9.82%-23.26%,respectively,with N3 nitrogen level having the most significant increasing. In comparison with T1 treatment,oat yield components of T2 treatment had synergistic improvement,with grain yield increased by 3.99%-9.10%. The grain yield of N4 nitrogen level was highest at 3 901.13 kg/hm². However the difference with N3 nitrogen level was not significant（P>0.05）. Correlation analysis revealed that chlorophyll index（Chl）and NBI of oat had extremely significant positive correlations with yield during the heading and grain-filling stage,with grain filling stage having a higher correlation coefficient.【Conclusion】The optimal nitrogen application rate for wide-range densely planted oats in the southern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia was 105-140 kg/hm². Booting stage was the most effective timing for nitrogen application.

【Objective】Explore the effects of different gradients of microbial fertilizer application rate on sugar beet yield and quality in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Irrigation Area,to find out the optimal sugar beet microbial fertilizer application rate in saline-alkali land.【Methods】In Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia,from 2020 to 2021,five microbial fertilizer application treatments,including T1（0 kg/hm²）,T2（75 kg/hm²）,T3（150 kg/hm²）,T4（225 kg/hm²）and T5（300 kg/hm²）were set up on the basis of two main cultivation modes of flat cropping and ridge cropping. The effects of different treatments on sugar beet yield and sugar yield were analyzed. Based on the variation law of sugar beet yield and sugar yield,a regression model with the application rate of microbial fertilizer was established. And the optimal application rate of microbial fertilizer was calculated. The accuracy of the model was tested by normalized root mean square error（NRMSE）and 1∶1 histogram between the measured value and the estimated value.【Results】The application of microbial fertilizer in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Irrigation Area significantly improved sugar beet yield and sugar yield. In 2020,T3 treatment had the highest sugar beet yields both in flat cropping and ridge cropping at 71 454 and 73 835 kg/hm²,respectively,increased by 24.53% and 20.37% compared to T1 treatment. In 2021,T5 treatment had the highest sugar beet yields of 67 934 and 70 863 kg/hm²,respectively,increased by 14.55% and 12.54% compared to T1 treatment. In 2020,T3 treatment had the highest the sugar yields of 11 737 and 12 314 kg/hm² in flat cropping and ridge cropping respectively,increased by 30.93% and 24.68% compared to T1 treatment. In 2021,T5 treatment had the highest sugar yields of 10 836 and 11 374 kg/hm² respectively,increased by 17.50% and 13.06% compared to T1 treatment. Under the flat cropping and ridge cropping modes,the models of sugar beet yield and microbial fertilizer application rate were y=-0.224 6x²+96.845x+58 126,R²=0.817**;y=-0.207 8x²+88.685x+62 334,R²=0.723**. The models of sugar yield and microbial fertilizer application rate were y=-0.049 8x²+20.112x+9 036.4,R²=0.806**;y=-0.045x²+18.215x+9 929,R²=0.714**. Based on the above models,it was calculated that the maximum yields of 68 568 and 71 796 kg/hm² can be achieved by applying microbial fertilizer of 215.6 and 213.4 kg/hm² in flat cropping and ridge cropping mode. The maximum sugar yield of 11 067 and 11 772 kg/hm² could be achieved when microbial fertilizer was applied at 201.9 and 202.4 kg/hm² respectively. The model tests showed that the linear relationship between the measured and estimated sugar beet yields,as well as the measured and estimated sugar yields,all had extremely significant correlations,indicating good accuracy of the models.【Conclusion】The application of microbial fertilizer in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Irrigation Area significantly improved the yield and quality of sugar beet. The optimal application rates of microbial fertilizer were 201.9-215.6 and 202.4-213.4 kg/hm² in flat cropping and ridge cropping.

Microbial fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer product with active microorganisms as the main component，which can improve soil fertility，promote plant growth and development，and enhance plant resistance. This paper summarized the development history of microbial fertilizer domestically and internationally，introduced the effect of microbial fertilizer on soil physical，chemical，and biological properties，as well as plant growth and development，yield，quality and resistance. Additionally，the application prospects were prospected to provide references for the subsequent rational application of microbial fertilizers.

【Objective】Explore the effects of different sowing dates on the growth,development,and physiological characteristics of garlic of Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,to clarify the optimal sowing period for garlic in the region.【Methods】Using Xusuan 3 as experimental material,10 sowing dates were set up in 2022,including September 20（T1）,September 25（T2）,September 30（T3）,October 5（T4）,October 10（T5）,October 15（T6）,October 20（T7）,October 25（T8）,October 30（T9） and November 4（T10）. The plant height,pseudostem height,leaf length,leaf width,pseudostem thickness,fresh and dry weight of root,pseudostem,and leaf,as well as leaf chlorophyll content,relative conductivity,malondialdehyde（MDA） content,soluble protein content,free proline content,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,peroxidase（POD） activity,and catalase（CAT） activity during the overwintering and greening periods were tested. 【Results】During the overwintering period,T4 sowing date had the highest garlic leaf length（43.33 cm）,leaf width（2.18 cm）,and pseudostem thickness（11.14 mm）;lowest relative conductivity（14.76%）;low MDA content（0.142μmol/g）;highest free proline content（2.99 μg/g）;and highest POD activity（291.00 U/g）. T5 sowing date had the highest pseudostem height（2.53 cm）,with significant differences（P<0.05） compared to other sowing dates;highest root fresh and dry weight（3.91,0.49 g）,pseudostem fresh and dry weight（7.34,1.23 g）,leaf fresh and dry weight（10.34,2.33 g）;highest total chlorophyll content（0.892 mg/g）and soluble protein content（1.93 mg/g）,with significantly differences（P<0.05） compared to other sowing dates;low MDA content（0.142 μmol/g）;and highest SOD（283.78 U/g） and CAT（11.38 U/g） activities. During the greening period,the T4 sowing date had the highest garlic plant height（51.73 cm）;highest roots dry weight（1.04 g）;lowest relative conductivity（20.58%）;highest free proline content（6.31 μg/g）;and highest POD activity（128.72 U/g）. The T5 sowing date had the highest psuedostem height（15.60 cm）,leaf length（38.10 cm）,and psuedostem thickness（17.07 mm）;highest root fresh weight（5.66 g）,psuedostem fresh and dry weight（29.00,4.89 g）,leaf fresh and dry weight（27.80,3.77 g）;highest total chlorophyll content（1.016 mg/g）;lowest MDA content（0.049 μmol/g）,with significant differences（P<0.05） compared to other sowing dates;highest soluble protein content（2.33 mg/g）;highest SOD（276.31 U/g） and CAT（10.30 U/g） activities.【Conclusion】When the sowing dates were October 5 and October 10,garlic plates had good growth and strong cold resistance,were the suitable sowing dates for Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province.

【Objective】Explore the effects of different irrigation periods and amounts on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of quinoa in the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains,to determine the reasonable irrigation system for quinoa in the area.【Methods】In Wuchuan Dry Farming Experiment Station in Inner Mongolia,6 drip irrigation treatments,W1（irrigation in the seedling stage + branching stage）,W2（irrigation in the seedling stage + heading stage）,W3（irrigation in the seedling stage + filling stage）,W4（irrigation in the seedling stage + branching stage + heading stage）,W5（irrigation in the seedling stage + branching stage + filling stage）,and W6（irrigation in the seedling stage + heading stage + filling stage）were set up. The plant dry matter accumulation dynamics,leaf area index,changes in photosynthetic characteristics and crop yield effects of quinoa during the growth period were monitored.【Results】During the entire growth period of quinoa,dry matter accumulation and leaf area index showed upward trends with the increase of drip irrigation amount. The leaf area index of W5 treatment increased by 45.00% compared with W1 treatment in the filling stage. During the flowering stage of quinoa,the leaf photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance had downward trends as the drip irrigation amount increased,but some levels of deficit irrigation could significantly improve leaf water use efficiency. The leaf water use efficiency of W5 treatment significantly increased（P<0.05） by 39.04% compared to W1 treatment. There were significant differences in the yield of quinoa under different drip irrigation treatments. W5 treatment had the highest yield of 2 245.60 kg/hm²,which was significantly increased （P<0.05） by 78.68% compared to W1 treatment.【Conclusion】In the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains,irrigation with a total volume of 1 350 m³/hm² during the seedling,branching,and filling stages of quinoa improved water use efficiency and achieved high yield.

【Objective】Study the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang,to provide references for promoting green development of agriculture and rural areas and achieving the“dual carbon”goals in the region.【Methods】Using 19 types of carbon sources from plantation,livestock and agricultural energy end-consumption as raw data,the agricultural carbon emissions and carbon emission intensities of Xinjiang from 2007 to 2021 were measured. Using 15 types of carbon sources from plantation and livestock as raw data,the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensities of fourteen prefectures（cities） in Xinjiang in 2010,2015,and 2020 were measured. The driving factors were analyzed by the LMDI（logarithmic mean divisia index） model. The grey prediction model was used to predict the trend of agricultural carbon emissions development in Xinjiang from 2022 to 2030.【Results】During 2007 to 2021,Xinjiang agricultural carbon emissions had the overall trend of“steady-increasing-decreasing-increasing”,while carbon emission intensities had the overall trend of “decreasing-increasing-decreasing”. In 2010,2015 and 2020,Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture had the highest total carbon emissions,Karamay had the lowest total carbon emissions,Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture had the highest carbon emission intensities. Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture had the lowest carbon emission intensities in 2010. Turpan had the lowest carbon emission intensities in 2015 and 2020. The impacts of driving factors on agricultural carbon emissions were：agricultural economic level effect > agricultural structure effect > agricultural population scale effect > agricultural production efficiency. From 2022 to 2030,the agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang were predicted to have an increasing trend while the intensities have a decreasing trend.【Conclusion】From 2007 to 2021,the total agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang showed an overall upward trend,while the agricultural carbon emission intensity showed an overall downward trend. Agricultural economic level effect promoted the increase of agricultural carbon emissions,while agricultural structure effect,agricultural population scale effect,and agricultural production efficiency restrained the increase of agricultural carbon emissions. It was predicted that from 2022 to 2030,the agricultural carbon emissions in Xinjiang will increase year by year,while the agricultural carbon emission intensities will decrease year by year. Xinjiang agricultural carbon reduction and fixation has enormous potential.

【Objective】Propose a disease target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 model,to achieve automatic recognition of apple leaf diseases and solve the problems of miss and false detection in the YOLOv5 detection model.【Methods】Based on the YOLOv5 model improved by convolutional neural network,weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network（BiFPN）feature fusion method was used to effectively improve the adverse effect of PANet on multi-scale feature fusion. The CBAM module was added to enable the network to more accurately locate and identify apple leaf diseases and establishing an algorithm model for detecting apple leaf diseases. The ATCSP module and top-down feature fusion method were used to enhance the detection performance of the model for multi-scale diseases. The model was compared with SSD,YOLOv4,YOLOv6,and YOLOv7 models.【Results】The improved YOLOv5 detection algorithm model significantly improved the accuracy of apple leaf disease detection. Compared with the original algorithm,accuracy（P） increased by 5.1%,reaching 90.8%;average precision mean（mAP）increased by 1.2%,reaching 93.4%;the model size reduced by 21.4 MB. The accuracy of improved YOLOV5 algorithm was 11.3,4.4,4.2,and 3.6 percentage points higher than SSD,YOLOv4,YOLOv6,and YOLOv7 models,respectively.【Conclusion】A convolutional neural network-based improved YOLOv5 apple leaf disease detection model was proposed. The improved YOLOv5 model had fast detection speed,high detection accuracy,and small size,which can achieve automatic recognition of apple leaf diseases.