畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 65-74.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.05.008

• 草业科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同改良措施组合对内蒙古重度盐碱化草地植被群落与土壤盐碱指标的影响

樊金富1, 乌仁曹2, 殷国梅3, 镡建国4, 乌云嘎2, 呼和特木尔2, 秦乐3, 张丽华5, 郝文礼1, 晔薷罕3   

  1. 1.鄂尔多斯市林业和草原局,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 010012;
    2.鄂尔多斯市乌审旗林业和草原局,内蒙古 乌审旗 010026;
    3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    4.内蒙古自治区林业和草原工作总站,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022;
    5.磴口县林业和草原局,内蒙古 磴口 015299
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 晔薷罕(1981—),女,副研究员,博士,主要研究方向为草地生态修复。
  • 作者简介:樊金富(1982—),男,高级林草工程师,硕士,主要研究方向为草地生态修复。
  • 基金资助:
    国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34); 军民融合项目(JMRHZX20240201)

Effects of Different Improvement Measure Combinations on Vegetation Communities and Soil Salinity-Alkalinity Indicators in Severely Saline-Alkaline Grasslands of Inner Mongolia

FAN Jinfu1, Wurencao2, YIN Guomei3, TAN Jianguo4, Wuyunga2, Huhetemuer2, QIN Le3, ZHANG Lihua5, HAO Wenli1, YE Ruhan3   

  1. 1. Ordos Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Ordos 010012, China;
    2. Uxin Banner Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Ordos 010026, China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
    4. Inner Mongolia Forestry and Grassland Workstation, Hohhot 010022, China;
    5. Dengkou County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Dengkou 015299, China
  • Received:2025-05-22 Published:2025-12-25

摘要: [目的] 探索内蒙古地区盐碱地不同改良措施组合的效果,为盐碱化草地的改良利用提供参考。[方法] 以鄂尔多斯市乌审旗苏力德苏木重度盐碱化草地为研究区,设置6个处理组和1个对照组,处理组包括食叶草免耕补播(SM)、混播牧草免耕补播(HM)、食叶草深耕施秸秆种植(SN)、食叶草深耕施腐殖酸种植(SF)、混播牧草深耕施秸秆种植(HN)、混播牧草深耕施腐殖酸种植(HF)。测定2021—2023年植被群落高度、盖度、地上生物量、植物重要值,以及2021年和2023年的土层0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤pH值和全盐含量。[结果] ①群落特征方面,深耕配施腐殖酸/秸秆的处理(SF、SN、HF、HN)与对照组相比显著(P<0.05)提升群落高度与地上生物量,2023年HN处理群落高度(113.1 cm)和地上生物量(309.8 g/m2)均为最高;群落盖度在不同年份表现各异,2023年HN处理盖度达75%,显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;物种重要值结果显示,食叶草适应性较差,3年后从群落中消失,而混播的碱茅在HF、HN处理中逐渐成为优势物种(重要值最高达0.95)。②土壤特征方面,与2021年相比,2023年SF、SN、HF、HN处理0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤pH值均显著(P<0.05)降低,2023年SF、HF处理0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层全盐含量均显著(P<0.05)下降。[结论] 重度盐碱化草地改良中,深耕结合腐殖酸/秸秆配施混播牧草(尤其HN、HF 处理)的组合措施最优:既显著改善土壤理化性质,又能提升植被群落高度、盖度及生产力,且混播物种适应能力强、群落稳定性高,可实现盐碱化草地的可持续利用。

关键词: 重度盐碱化草地, 免耕补播, 混播种植, 深耕配施腐殖酸/秸秆, 植被群落

Abstract: [Objective] To explore the effectiveness of different combinations of improvement measures for salinized-alkalized land in the Inner Mongolia region and provide a reference for the rehabilitation and utilization of salinized-alkalized grassland. [Methods] The study was conducted in a severely salinized-alkalized grassland in Sulide Sumu, Uxin Banner, Ordos City. Six treatment groups and one control group (CK) were established. The treatment groups included: No-till reseeding with Rumex proteingrass (SM), No-till reseeding with mixed forage grasses (HM), Deep tillage with straw application and planting with Rumex proteingrass (SN), Deep tillage with humic acid application and planting with Rumex proteingrass (SF), Deep tillage with straw application and planting with mixed forage grasses (HN), and Deep tillage with humic acid application and planting with mixed forage grasses (HF). Vegetation community height, coverage, above-ground biomass, and species importance value from 2021 to 2023, as well as soil pH and total salt content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers were measured in 2021 and 2023. [Results] ①Community characteristics: Treatments involving deep tillage combined with humic acid or straw (SF, SN, HF, HN) significantly (P<0.05) increased community height and above-ground biomass compared to the control group. In 2023, the HN treatment showed the highest community height (113.1 cm) and above-ground biomass (309.8 g/m2); community coverage varied across different years, with the HN treatment reaching 75% coverage in 2023, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. Species importance value results showed that Rumex proteingrass had poor adaptability and disappeared from the community after three years, while the mixed grass Puccinellia distans gradually became the dominant species in the HF and HN treatments (with the spelies value reaching up to 0.95). ②Soil characteristics: Compared to 2021, the soil pH in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers of the SF, SN, HF, and HN treatments was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in 2023; the total salt content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers of the SF and HF treatments was also significantly (P<0.05) decreased in 2023. [Conclusion] For the improvement of severely salinized-alkalized grassland, the combination of deep tillage with humic acid/straw application and planting mixed forage grasses (especially HN and HF treatments) is optimal. This combination not only significantly improves soil physical and chemical properties but also enhances vegetation community height, coverage, and productivity. Furthermore, the mixed species demonstrate strong adaptability and high community stability, supporting the sustainable utilization of salinized-alkalized grassland.

Key words: severely salinized-alkalized grassland, no-till reseeding, mixed planting, deep tillage combined with humic acid/straw application, vegetation community

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