畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 19-26.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2020.05.004

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物拮抗检测方法的优化及其在秸秆发酵用菌株的应用

萨初拉1, 陶金山2, 苏少锋1, 吴青海1, 其布日1, 高娃1, 吉鹏华1, 朱兴宇3, 呼和1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;
    3.金河佑本生物制品有限公司, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 011517
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-11 发布日期:2020-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 呼和(1962—), 男, 研究员, 博士, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为动物营养及微生物生物技术。
  • 作者简介:萨初拉(1985—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为微生物生物技术。

Optimization of Microbial Antagonism Detection Method and Its Application in Microbes Served as Silage Additives

Sachula1, TAO Jin-shan2, SU Shao-feng1, WU Qing-hai1, Qiburi1, Gaowa1, JI Peng-hua1, ZHU Xing-yu3, Huhe1   

  1. 1.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
    2.Collage of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
    3.Jinhe Uben Biological Products Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011517, China
  • Received:2020-05-11 Published:2020-10-21

摘要: 在利用复合菌添加剂提高青贮品质和营养价值的研究中, 首先需要确定菌株间的拮抗特性, 以便获得最佳组合效果。利用传统的1/2组合菌饼法和牛津杯法检测了6种微生物间的拮抗特性。结果显示, 仅产朊假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉菌之间存在弱拮抗现象。在后续全组合液滴法检测中不仅观察到了以上拮抗现象, 还检测到了枯草芽孢杆菌与产朊假丝酵母菌, 以及绿色木霉菌与黑曲霉菌之间的拮抗现象。通过显微镜观察绿色木霉菌与黑曲霉菌之间的接触区域, 进一步证实了拮抗现象的存在。在所用的6种微生物中, 乳酸菌与其他受试菌无明显拮抗, 能够与其他微生物进行复配。产朊假丝酵母菌与枯草芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉菌存在拮抗, 因此, 可与乳酸菌和绿色木霉菌进行组合发酵。同样, 枯草芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉菌可单独与乳酸菌进行组合使用。综上表明, 与传统的1/2组合菌饼法和牛津杯法相比, 全组合液滴法具有操作简便、接触充分、不易污染和结果全面等优点。

关键词: 拮抗, 全组合液滴法, 秸秆发酵, 微生物菌株

Abstract: When developing the compound microbial additives for improving the quality and nutrition of silage, the antagonistic patterns between the different microbes should be given priority for obtaining the best combining effect. In this study, the regular agar plug diffusion method and cup-plate method were applied separately for fungous and bacterial antagonism detection with 1/2 combination, and only the weak antagonism between Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger was observed. Except for the above result, the antagonisms between Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger were also detected by using full combination spotting method. The antagonism was also identified with microscope observation of the contact region between Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger. The antagonistic detection results of the 6 species of microbes indicated that lactic acid bacteria were easy to combine with other tested microbes as no significant antagonism. Candida utilis was antagonistic with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, therefore, it could combine with lactic acid bacteria and Trichoderma viride. Bacillus subtilis or Aspergillus niger could individually combine with lactic acid bacteria. In conclusion, compared with 1/2 combination-based agar plug diffusion method and cup-plate method, full combination spotting method has the advantages of convenient operation, complete interaction, uneasy contamination, and comprehensive information.

Key words: antagonism, full combination spotting method, silage fermentation, microbial strain

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