畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 81-85.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2021.03.015

• 草业科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同修复措施在退化荒漠草原生态修复中的效果研究

殷国梅1, 镡建国2, 王晓栋3, 万敏4, 冀超1, 刘思博1, 李俊海4, 高巧玲5, 陈小菲2, 慕宗杰1, 马春梅6   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古自治区草原工作站,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020;
    3.内蒙古自治区草原勘察规划院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051;
    4.乌拉特中旗草原工作站,内蒙古 乌拉特中旗 015300;
    5.巴彦淖尔市草原工作站,内蒙古 临河 015000;
    6.阿拉善职业技术学院,内蒙古 阿拉善左旗 750306
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-17 出版日期:2021-05-30 发布日期:2021-06-21
  • 作者简介:殷国梅(1973—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事草地生态与管理研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG352);乌拉特中旗退化草原人工种草生态修复试点——科技支撑项目;生态修复措施对退化植被群落结构及多样性影响的研究。

Efficacy of Different Restoration Measures in Ecological Restoration in Degraded Desert Steppe

YIN Guo-mei1, SHAN Jian-guo2, WANG Xiao-dong3, WAN Min4, JI Chao1, LIU Si-bo1, LI Jun-hai4, GAO Qiao-ling5, CHEN Xiao-fei2, MU Zong-jie1, MA Chun-mei6   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Grassland Workstation,Hohhot 010020,China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Grassland Survey and Planning Institute,Hohhot 010051,China;
    4. Urad Middle Banner Grassland Workstation,Urad Middle Banner 015300,China;
    5. Bayannur City Grassland Workstation,Linhe 015000,China;
    6. Alagxa Vocational and Technical College,Alagxa Left Banner 750306,China
  • Received:2021-03-17 Online:2021-05-30 Published:2021-06-21

摘要: [目的]研究不同修复措施组合对荒漠草原群落特征的影响,并对不同修复措施组合产生的经济效益进行分析。[方法]采用围封、禁牧、施肥和补播的不同修复措施组合,设置5个荒漠草原修复区(T1区:围封+禁牧,T2区:围封+禁牧+施有机肥,T3区:围封+禁牧+施复合肥,T4区:围封+禁牧+施复合肥+施有机肥+补播,T5区:围封+禁牧+施复合肥+补播)。以自由放牧地(T6区)为对照,对巴彦淖尔市乌拉特中旗呼勒斯太苏木退化荒漠草原实施修复。不同组合的修复措施在2020年6月同时实施,当年8月下旬对不同修复措施区及对照区的植被群落特征进行调查,计算、分析不同修复组合产生的经济效益。[结果]5个不同修复区的草原植被群落高度增长率、盖度增长率、密度增长率、地上生物量增长率均显著(P<0.05)高于对照区;T5区的高度增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1、T2、T3、T4区;T5区的盖度增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1、T3区;T4区的密度增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1、T3区;T5区的地上生物量增长率最高,显著(P<0.05)高于T1区。以自由放牧地为对照(0元/hm2),T3区的当年纯收益最高,可达到9 944元/hm2;T4区最低,为6 601元/hm2。[结论]围封+禁牧+施复合肥+补播组合的生态修复效果最佳,围封+禁牧+施复合肥组合的当年经济效益最高。围封+禁牧是保障退化荒漠草原修复改良效果的前提。

关键词: 修复措施, 荒漠草原, 生态修复, 经济效益

Abstract: [Objective] To assess the impacts of different combinations of restoration measures on plant community characteristics of desert steppe, and to analyze the economic benefits produced by different restoration measures. [Method] Five different combinations of restoration measures, including enclosure + grazing prohibition (T1), enclosure + grazing prohibition + application of organic fertilizer (T2), enclosure + grazing prohibition + application of compound fertilizer (T3), enclosure + grazing prohibition + application of compound fertilizer + application of organic fertilizer + reseeding (T4), and enclosure + grazing prohibition + application of compound fertilizer + reseeding (T5), were used to restore the degraded desert steppe areas with free-grazing area(T6) as control in Hulestai Sumu, Urad Middle Banner, Bayannur City. Different combinations of restoration measures were conducted in June 2020, and the plant community characteristics in different restoration areas and free-grazing area were investigated in late August of the same year. Furthermore, the economic benefits produced by different restoration measures were calculated and analyzed. [Result] The growth rates of height, coverage, density and above-ground biomass of plant community in the 5 restoration areas were all significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the control area; T5 area had the highest height growth rate which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T1,T2,T3 and T4 areas; the highest coverage growth rate was observed in T5 area, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T1 and T3 areas; T4 area had the highest density growth rate which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T1 and T3 areas; T5 area had the best performance in above-ground biomass, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T1 area. Referencing with the free-grazing area (0 Yuan/hm2), the highest current-year net profit was obtained in T3 area, which reached up to 9 944 Yuan/hm2; while T4 area produced the lowest current-year net profit, which was 6 601 Yuan/hm2. [Conclusion] The restoration combination of enclosure + grazing prohibition + application of compound fertilizer + reseeding has the best performance in ecological restoration, and that of enclosure + grazing prohibition + application of compound fertilizer has the highest current-year net profit. Enclosure + grazing prohibition is the premise to ensure the efficacy of restoration and improvement in degraded desert steppe.

Key words: restoration measures, desert steppe, ecological restoration, economic benefits

中图分类号: