Abstract: Muscovy duck parvovirusis and goose parvovirusis, whose etiological agents are muscovy duck parvovirus （MDPV） and goose parvovirus （GPV） respectively, have become the serious infectious diseases producing huge economic losses to the waterfowl cultivation industry. The co-prevalence of the two viruses in a specific region is commonly observed and the mixed infection caused by them is also found. The infections caused by MDPV and GPV share the similar clinical signs comprising of complete anorexia, diarrhea and dyspnea, which make the differential diagnosis of them difficult. While MDPV and GPV have similar biological features, the pathogenicity of them largely varies. Infections caused by MDPV only occur in Muscovy duck, but GPV is infective for both goose and Muscovy duck. Preliminary discrimination of MDPV and GPV can be made by virus challenge test on immature poultry. Prevention strategies are significant for control of Muscovy duck parvovirusis and goose parvovirusis. Except for enhancing the feed and management, immunization with MDPV and GPV vaccines on immature poultry and for breeding poultry prior to laying in prevailing regions of the two diseases can provide passive immunity and achieve good preventive effect.