Abstract: KCa3.1 has been characterized in numerous types of cells that contribute to the development of vascular disease,such as T-cells,B-cells,endothelial cells,fibroblasts,macrophages and dedifferentiated smooth muscle cells（SMCs）.Physiologically,the hyperpolarization of KCa3.1 has been demonstrated to be induced by acetylcholine and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor （EDHF）,so as to control the blood pressure.Pathophysiologically,the abnormity of KCa3.1 can cause the proliferation and migration of vascular SMCs.The roles of KCa3.1 in EC and SMCs were summarized and the research advances of KCa3.1 channel were reviewed.