Abstract: The hair fiber color of alpaca,with 22 natural colors, is mainly determined by heredity gene like other mammals . To master and control the changes the hair color genes of alpaca could effectively regulate the changes of hair colors of alpaca. The hair phenotypes of mammals are related to the types, amount,composition and distribution of melanin in animals. In the skin tissue of alpaca, Agouti gene ,MC1R gene, tyrosine gene family, KIT gene ,A1F gene ,~-catenin gene, Wnt3et gene ,Mitf-M gene ,EDNRA gene ,EDNRB gene, CDK5 gene, PRS5 gene, P gene and piebaldness mutation all participated in the formation and regulation of alpaca hair color.