Abstract: [ Objective ] In order to understand the ambient air quality of beef cattle cowshed in early winter of Aksu, Xinjiang, an evaluate ambient air quality in beef cattle cowshed. [Method] Four kinds of main harmful gas （CO2, NH3, CH4 and H2S） in cowshed of beef cattle farm and PM10 and TSP in ambient air in Aksu of Xinjiang were measured. Ambient air quality in cowshe was evaluated. [Result] Measurement result showed that CO2 concentration in beef cattle cowshed was 404 mg/m3,NH3 concentration was 4.0 mg/m3, CH4 and H2S were less than 0 mg/m3, PM10 was 0.04 mg/m3, and TSP was 1.222 mg/m3. The highest and daily average concentrations of CO2, NH3, CH4, H2S, PM10 and TSP were all lower than ambient air quality standard of the livestock and poultry. [Conclusionl The air quality of beef cattle cowshed belonged to clean level, in accord with environmental standards of the beef cattle breeding.