Abstract: Genome sequencing technology is the most commonly used technique in molecular biology and its related discipline studies. Genome sequencing technology has made great progresses and changed the status of life science research in many fields since the first-generation of sequencing technology appeared in the 1970s. The sharp decline of sequencing cost and exponential increase of sequencing throughout greatly improved the sequencing speed. The two basic genetic materials of organism are DNA and RNA, whose composition and sequence changes create all sorts of lives in the world. It is of important significance to get the genetic information of organisms fast and accurately for life science research. Sequencing technology can reflect genome and transcription of genetic information truly and reveal the complexity and diversity of genome, which plays a very important role in life science research. The development achievements, sequencing principle, the advantages and disadvantages of sequencing, domestic research status of each generation of sequencing technology were reviewed. And the future development direction of sequencing technology was predicted.