Abstract: Camel which lives in harmony with the environment is the most preferred domestic animal for sustainable economic development in desert, semi-desert and grassland area. Camel can produce fine wool, fur and organic milk. Furthermore, camel is a symbolic element of the nomad culture of minorities in the border area as well as a exotic landscape of Gobi and grassland tourism. Hulunbuir bactrian camel, a dangered local breed, estimated heads in present is no more than four thousand. Its milk nutrients and biochemical composition have not been studied yet. To pave the way for protective exploitation, the fundamental and application research are needed, thus systematic research work on composition, physicochemical properties and bioactive factors of the bactrian camel milk are of great importance. Bactrian camel milk composition tables or databases need to be established. Meanwhile, new approaches such as fingerprint profiling that based on chemometrics worth trying on properties assessment and discrimination or authentication of the special milk.