Abstract: Chicken grazing in woodland has been widely applied all over the country, but its negative impacts on soil quality in natural woodland in mountain areas are often neglected. In this paper, based on Soil Surface Assessment（SSA）, impacts of chicken grazing in natural woodland on soil quality in terms of soil stability, soil infiltration rate and soil nutrient cycling in a mountain area in Beijing were evaluated. The results show that high-density grazing would lead to degradation of vegetation and soil in woodland, thereby affecting change of the entire ecosystem in woodland. It is recommended that before chicken grazing in natural woodland in mountain areas, especially in ecologically sensitive areas, the grazing density should be determined based on environmental impact assessment according to ecological carrying capacity. Meanwhile, it is needed to implement rotational grazing and supplementary feeding, and scientific breeding to maintain the balance of ecological and economic development.