Abstract: Based on the statistical data of dairy cows stocks in Erhai Lake Basin（Dali City and Eryuan County） from 2011 to 2015, the associated parameters were determined combined with the domestic research results to estimate the pollutants production from dairy cows breeding in Erhai Lake Basin of Yunnan, and the corresponding environmental capacity was also analyzed. The results showed that the average annual fecal and urinary emissions produced by dairy cows in Erhai Lake Basin of Yunnan from 2011 to 2015 were 595700 t and 268800 t respectively, and the average annual basic farmland load from fecal and urinary was 15.19 t/hm^2 and 6.85 t/hm^2 respectively; the average annual production of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 4254.30 t and 492.66 t respectively, and the average annual basic farmland load from total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 108.47 kg/hm^2 and 12.56 kg/hm^2 respectively. The results obtained in this study provide references for the rational distribution and scientific division of dairy cow breeding industry in Erhai Lake Basin.