Abstract: Under the condition of straw diet,the palatability,conversion rate and nutritional value of straw feed can be improved after processed and modulated by scientific methods.In detail,the degradation rate of nutrients in rumen is elevated,and the feed intake,daily gain,milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,carcass mass,meat quality,and milk composition contents of ruminants are improved.In addition,the consumption of concentrates can be reduced,and the breeding economic benefits are increased.This article gives an overview of effects of different processing and modulation methods of straw on the production performance of ruminants.