In order to assess the induced differentiation potential of immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in Laoshan dairy goat,P3 BMSCs and P30 TERT-BMSCs were used to induce adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation in vitro.The results showed that TERT-BMSCs grew strongly when the cells were sub-cultured to P30.After lipogenic induction,the formation of transparent lipid droplets was observed in both P3 BMSCs and P30 TERT-BMSCs,and the fat droplets stained in red was observed after oil red O staining;after neuronal induction,both P3 BMSCs and P30 TERT-BMSCs could form dendritic or triangular morphology,and toluidine blue staining showed the presence of Nissl bodies in both types of cells.This study proved that the immortalized BMSCs of Laoshan dairy goat still have strong induced multipotential differentiation ability after multiple passages,which provides a theoretical basis for the extensive application of immortalized MSCs.

The microbiological quality control is very important to maintain the quality stability of SPF golden hamster population.The specific measures,experiences and cognitions in microbiological quality control of the central population of SPF golden hamster were introduced in this paper,in hoping to provide references for improve the population quality stability of SPF golden hamster under isolator rearing condition.

In order to establish immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells line of Laoshan dairy goat,a previously constructed plasmid vector pcDNA3.1-EGFP-TERT was transferred into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)of Laoshan dairy goat.The stable transfected TERT-BMSCs was screened by the culture medium containing G418.The growth curve of the obtained TERT-BMSCs was determined by multiple subcultures.The stable TERT-BMSCs cell line was established by determining the genetic stability of higher generation.The results showed that BMSCs of Laoshan dairy goat transferred by TERT gene was stable.The growth curve of TERT-BMSCs was S type.After multiple passages,the normal rate of nuclear type of the P40 TERT-BMSCs was 88.24%.In conclusion,the transfected TERT-BMSCs cells had a good growth state,and their growth was stable and consistent with the characteristics of immortalized cells.Our study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in tissue repair and the preparation of genetic engineering seed cells.

In order to further evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of seaweed polysaccharide soluble powder as a feed additive in large-scale application in swine production,a total of 150 naturally porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)infected pigs 35 to 50 days of age were randomly divided into 3 groups with 50 pigs in each group.The tested drug group fed the diet with supplementation of 200 mg/kg seaweed polysaccharide soluble powder for 7 consecutive days.The drug control group whose diet was added with 200 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharide powder for 7 consecutive days.The positive control group received no dietary addition treatment.Ten random serum samples from each group were collected on one day before treatment as well as the 7^th and 14^th day post treatment,respectively,and the serum levels of IL-2,IL-6,INF-γ,TNF-α and IgG were determined.The results showed the dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg seaweed polysaccharide soluble powder elevated the serum levels of IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α,INF-γ and IgG in pigs with natural PCV2 infection;during the experimental period,no adverse reactions were observed in the swine fed with diet adding 200 mg/kg seaweed polysaccharide soluble powder for 7 consecutive days.The combined data suggest that seaweed polysaccharide soluble powder enhances the immune function of pig and is safe for clinical use.

In order to determine the contamination of Salmonella and Escherichia coli(E.coli)in beef cattle slaughter line,two slaughterhouses(A and B)in Shanxi Province were selected for sampling from seven different processes and butcher steels.The Salmonella and E.coli strains were isolated and cultured by using traditional methods.The isolates were subsequently identified with biochemical identification method and 16S rDNA sequence assay method.The results showed that no contamination caused by Salmonella and E.coli were observed in all tested processes and butcher steels in slaughterhouse A;while all of the tested processes in slaughterhouse B were negative for contamination caused by Salmonella,eight phenotypically and molecularly identified E.coli isolates were found in fur and feces before slaughter.The combined data suggest that although the disinfection and reduction of bacteria associated with contamination of beef cattle slaughter line in the two selected slaughtering and processing enterprises are generally qualified,the standardized management of pre-slaughter animals should be paid attention to reduce pre-slaughter pollution.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seasonal factors on in vivo embryo production and pregnancy rate after embryo transfer in Dorper sheep.In 2011,multiparous pure Dorper ewes from a breeding sheep farm were selected as donors and were treated with synchronized estrus,superovulation and laparoscopic artificial insemination.The embryos of pure Dorper ewes were obtained by surgical operation.Meanwhile,the receptor ewes were subjected to synchronized estrus and embryo transfer.Statistical analysis results showed that a total of 4 241 donors were subjected to the treatment of synchronized estrus in 2016 and 4 180 of them were received superovulation treatment;there were 4 131 and 3 987 ewes used as mating and embryo flushing donors,respectively,with a donor availability rate of 94.01%.A total of 23 516 flushed embryos were obtained,among them 18 002 ones were available,indicating that the embryo availability rate was 76.55%.The average number of available embryos produced by per donor was 4.52.The average number of flushed embryos and available embryos obtained from donors in October,November and December were significantly higher than those in April,May and June(P<0.05),and the highest average number of flushed embryos and available embryos was observed in October(P<0.01)which were 7.04 and 5.62,respectively.Some of the obtained embryos were used for embryo transfer.It was found that the number of single embryo pregnant recipients was 4 446,with the pregnancy rate of 53.76%;the number of double embryo pregnant recipients was 805,with the pregnancy rate of 65.02%.In addition,the conception rate of receptors was found higher in January,March,June and December(P<0.05)than the other months.This study provides a theoretical basis for superovulation and embryo transfer of Dorper breeding sheep and industrial production of mutton sheep.

To reveal the molecular mechanism underlining the caudal vertebra formation,the genome-wide selection signal,the related genes of Mongolian sheep tail length traits and the possible mutation sites were detected by comparing the genetic differentiation level of Mongolian sheep population with different numbers of tail vertebrae.Based on whole genome resequencing data,the selection signal of caudal vertebra was screened with the genetic differentiation coefficient(Fst)and genetic diversity ratio(pi ratio)between the two sheep groups.A chromosome region with higher Fst and pi ratio value were selected as a candidate region.A total of 76 selected regions were found ultimately,which belonged to the QTL of tail fat deposition and skeletal development.GO and pathway analysis of the 63 genes contained in these candidate regions found the enrichment of Wnt and FGF signaling pathways related to bone regeneration,and the functional candidate genes such as LRP6 were also found.In summary,we identified the selected regions associated with the number of caudal vertebrae,suggesting that the formation of Mongolian sheep populations with different numbers of caudal vertebrae may be caused by one or more mutations in non-gene coding regions.

The development and application of high-performance liquid chromatography methods for detection of four kinds of tetracyclines in feed stuff,including oxytetracyline,tetracycline,chlorotetracycline and doxycycline,was reviewed in this paper.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of difficult flow phases,extractive solvents and purification methods were discussed.

[Objective]To assess the effect of Picria fel-tarrae Lour.extracts on the growth performance of piglets and to provide a reference for their better application in animal production.[Method]A total of 250 healthy three-way crossbred pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)aged 28 to 35 days with similar weight were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups(A-E)with 5 replicates per treatment and 10 pigs per replicate.The groups of A,B and C were set as high-,middle-and low-dose Picria fel-tarrae Lour.extracts groups respectively,and fed diet with 3.500,1.750 and 0.875 g/kg Picria fel-tarrae Lour.extracts,respectively.The group D was a positive medicine control group fed a diet containing 4.0 g/kg Qibusan.The group E was set as a blank control group fed basal diet.The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the formal trial period lasted for 30 days.The experimental piglets in each group were weighed before feeding at 7:00 on the 0,15st and 17st day of the experiment,and the feed intake for each group were recorded.At the end of the experiment,the intergroup differences in average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG)and feed to gain ratio(F/G)were statistically assessed.[Result]The weight,ADG and ADFI of the groups of A,B and C were significantly or extremely significantly elevated compared to the group E(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the F/G was reduced.The group B(middle-dose group)showed the best performance in increasing the weight,ADG and ADFI of piglets and had extremely significantly lower F/G compared to the groups of D and E(P<0.01).[Conclusion]Picria fel-tarrae Lour.extracts have a certain growth promoting effect on piglets,and their optimal level of dietary supplementation was 1.750 g/kg.

An experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design 2×5 factorial arrangements to investigate the assess the influence of different sources and levels of dietary manganese on growth performance and mineral tissue deposition of broilers.A total of 540 healthy Avian broilers were assigned randomly to one of ten dietary treatments of 3 replicate cages each with 18 chicks per cage,and fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet containing 0,45,90,130,180 mg of Mn/kg from a compound Mn-amino acid(Mn-AA)preparation or the basal diet supplemented with 0,45,90,130,180 mg of Mn/kg from MnSO4·H2O.The feeding experiment lasted for 42 days.At 35 days of age,the growth performance indexes of the broilers were determined,and the feed to gain ratio was calculated;at 42 days of age,the contents of copper,iron,zinc in tibia,liver and kidney and the levels of ash,calcium and phosphorus in tibia were evaluated.The results showed that when the dietary manganese supplementation levels ranged from 45 to 130 mg/kg,there were significant differences in 35-day-old weight and feed intake between Mn-AA or MnSO4·H2O supplemented treatments and Mn-unsupplemented treatments(P≤0.05),and the different dietary levels of Mn had a statistically significant effect on average weight and feed intake(P<0.01);no significant differences in 35-day-old weight,feed intake and feed to gain ratio were observed in the broilers fed the diet supplemented with Mn from different sources(P >0.05).There were no significant effects of different sources or levels of dietary manganese and their interactions on the contents of copper,iron,zinc in tibia,liver and kidney and the levels of ash,calcium and phosphorus in tibia of broilers 42 days of age(P >0.05).Our results demonstrate that dietary manganese supplementation levels have a very significant effect on growth performance of broilers(P<0.01),different sources of dietary manganese express no significant effect on growth performance of broilers(P >0.05),and the sources or levels of dietary manganese and their interactions exhibit no significant effect on mineral tissue deposition of broilers(P >0.05).

[Objective]To verify the feeding effects of fermented feed prepared with palm residues in beef cattle and to provide scientific references for the development and application of the fermented feed products of palm residues.[Method]A total of 24 hybrid cattle of Charolais and local yellow cattle were selected and randomly divided into four groups.During the fattening experiment(14-16 months of age),the control group fed a basal diet consisting of roughage(100% corn stalk)and concentrate supplement,and for the experimental groups ofⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the forage was partially replaced with 10%,20% and 30% of fermented feed prepared with palm residues,respectively.The growth performance,healthy status and breeding economic benefits were analyzed to evaluate the application effect of fermented feed prepared with palm residues in beef cattle.[Result]The feeding effect of the diet in which the corn stalk was partially replaced with 10%,20% and 30% of fermented feed prepared with palm residues was similar to that of the diet containing 100% corn stalk.The survival rate of the hybrid cattle in experimental groups and control groups were all 100% and had a good healthy status.The best breeding economic benefits were obtained in experimental group Ⅲ,followed by experimental groupⅡ,experimental groupⅠand the control group.[Conclusion]Feeding the diet containing fermented feed prepared with palm residues reduces the breeding cost and improves the economic benefits in beef cattle.

As a potential substitute for traditional antibiotics,probiotics are widely used in livestock and poultry breeding industry.The roles of probiotics in improving animals'growth performance and immune function are expounded in this paper,in hoping to provide references for the scientific and rational application of probiotics in livestock and poultry breeding industry.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of a compound additive prepared with composite enzymes and probiotics on growth performance and healthy status of piglets,and to provide technical references for the scientific rearing of piglets.A total of 72 piglets with initial average body weight of 8.78 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 repeats in each group and 12 piglets for each repeat.The control group fed a basal diet,and the experimental group fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% compound additive prepared with composite enzymes and probiotics.The results showed that the average daily gain and feed intake of the experimental group were significantly increased by 16.6%(P<0.05)and 8.4%(P<0.05)compared to the control group,respectively;the feed to gain ratio of the experimental group was significantly decreased by 7.1%(P<0.05)compared to the control group;the diarrhea rate of the experimental group was 3.11% lower than control group.The combined data suggest that the dietary supplementation of the compound additive prepared with composite enzymes and probiotics can improve the production performance and reduce diarrhea rate of piglets.

Under the condition of straw diet,the palatability,conversion rate and nutritional value of straw feed can be improved after processed and modulated by scientific methods.In detail,the degradation rate of nutrients in rumen is elevated,and the feed intake,daily gain,milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,carcass mass,meat quality,and milk composition contents of ruminants are improved.In addition,the consumption of concentrates can be reduced,and the breeding economic benefits are increased.This article gives an overview of effects of different processing and modulation methods of straw on the production performance of ruminants.

The types of microbial feed additives were introduced,the application of microbial feed additives in modern livestock and poultry breeding was reviewed,and the suggestions that promoting the feed microbial agent development and optimizing the production process were proposed,in hoping to provide references for researchers in related fields.

The risk identification,assessment,control,supervise and inspect in analytical laboratories of feed stuff were discussed,and the corresponding risk management methods were discussed,in hoping to provide theoretical basis for improving the supervision efficiency and feed product quality.

A total of 27 healthy and 35-day-old weaning Wanzai rabbits were assigned randomly into experimental group A,experimental group B and control group.The control group was fed with the basal diet,while the experimental groups were added alfalfa(A)or Italian ryegrass(B)instead of 20% of the basal diet during the 30-day-long feeding experiment.The results indicated that the average individual weight gain in experimental group A or B was extremely significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01).As compared to the control group,the feed-gain ratio of experimental group A and B was decreased by 6%(P<0.01)and 11%(P<0.01),respectively.In terms of economic benefit,the average individual profit of experimental group A and B was 82.38% and 74.62% higher than that of the control group,respectively.Our results have a certain reference value for the choice of forage feed in Wanzai Rabbits feeding.

In order to improve the land multiple cropping index and the economic income of local farmers in Dafang County of Guizhou Province,an interplanting pattern of silage maize Jinyu 818 and Brassica napobrassica(L.)Mill.cv.huaxi was investigated.The results showed that a satisfied planting effect was obtained in this region,and the net income reached up to 27 517.50 Yuan per hm2.

A professional and visual mode for Pet Foster Care was established by a win-win cooperation of animal hospital and pet supermarket,and the operation strategy of 'round-the-clock,overall process,omni-direction'of the pet foster care service-providing organizations was discussed,in hoping to provide references for the orderly and healthy development of pet foster care market.

By analyzing the meteorological data and soil moisture data from 1990 to 2017 in temperate meadow steppe in Ewenki Autonomous Banner locating in northeastern Inner Mongolia,the correlation between the soil moisture dynamics and climatic factors was investigated.The results showed that the average temperature was increased at a rate of 0.47 ℃/10 a from April to October during 1990 to 2017 in the study area,while the precipitation was decreased at a rate of 28.3 mm/10 a;the correlation between soil moisture in different layers and sunshine hours,temperature and relative humidity was minor;there was a very significant positive correlation between soil moisture and precipitation(P<0.01);the soil moisture in layers of 0-10,10-20,20-30,30-40,0-50 cm was very significantly negatively correlated with evapotranspiration(P<0.01),and that in layer of 40-50 cm was significantly negatively correlated with evapotranspiration(P<0.05).According to correlation analysis,evapotranspiration and precipitation(from April to October)were selected as the main factors affecting soil weight and moisture,and the regression equation was established.

Gallus gallus,the ancestor of Gallus domesticus,belongs to genus Gallus,family Phasianidae,order Galliformes,and is listed as national second-class protected wild animal.The geographical distribution and population size of Gallus gallus was introduced,and its ethogram was characterized from the aspects of feeding behavior,resting behavior,reproductive behavior,aggressive behavior and stressing behavior,in hoping to provide technical guidance and theoretical basis for the artificial rearing and population protection and utilization of Gallus gallus.

The development process of pratacultural science discipline in Yunnan Agricultural University is introduced,the measures to promote the discipline development such as optimizing teaching staff and integrating resources were expounded,and the achievements in discipline construction were elaborated.We propose that the introduction and cultivation of high-level talents are the have-to-take way for the development of pratacultural science discipline;the priority given by leadership,the team cooperation and the joint education by universities,scientific research institutions and enterprises are critical points for the development of pratacultural science discipline;resource integration,team optimization and opportunities grasp are important measures to accelerate the development of pratacultural science discipline.

Innovation and entrepreneurship education has become a trend in the development of global higher education.Through the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education,the transition from exam-oriented education to quality education can be realized,and finally the fundamental transformation of the application-oriented talent training model can be realized.We analyze the main existing problems in animal nutrition professional education under the vision of innovation and entrepreneurship,and propose the basic path of constructing the interdisciplinary compound talent training system.

The specialty of veterinary medicine has strong practicality.Accordingly,the solid basic knowledge and excellent practical skills are especially important for the cultivation of veterinary medicine talents.The quality forming education attaches importance to the gradual development of professional quality,and the cultivation of undergraduates'experienced oprating skills and good thinking ability are required by the training of veterinary medicine talents.In addition,the leading role of the teachers and more exploration on practical education ways help to promote undergraduates to constantly accumulate knowledge and gradually improve professional skills,so as to exert the important role of quality forming education in the cultivation of high-quality professionals in veterinary medicine.

Esophageal foreign body obstruction in dogs is a commonly observed disease in clinical pet care.In early stage of this disease,the symptoms always include dysphagia and reflux after ingestion of food.With prolongation of the course of this disease,the sick dogs always completely loss of appetite(anorexia).Clinical diagnosis can be made by X-ray examination.An immediate treatment is required once the confirmed diagnosis is made.The clinical diagnosis,treatment and postoperative nursing of a case of canine esophageal foreign body obstruction were expounded in this paper,in hoping to provide some guidance for the future clinical practice.

The preventative and therapeutic methods for four commonly observed uterine diseases in livestock,including placental retention,endometritis,pyometra and uterine prolapse,are introduced in this paper.The mainly used treatment and alleviation protocols for uterine diseases in veterinary clinical practice include systemic administration of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicines,uterine douche and perfusion,and operative reduction.In routine feeding and management,providing high-quality diet with balanced nutrition,setting commodious playground,keeping shed sanitary,and taking strict disinfection measures during deliver,are effective ways to prevent the incidence of uterine diseases.

This study was designed to carry out the molecular identification of clinical isolates of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae(Mo)prevalent in Anhui Province by using a specific PCR assay targeting at p113 gene.PCR assay was used to amplify the target gene from the four previously isolated Mo strains,AH-01,AH-02,AH-03 and AH-04,using the reported specific primers for p113 gene.Subsequently,the amplified products were sequenced and genetically analyzed.The results showed that the specific PCR products with size of 287 bp were obtained from all of the four clinical isolates;the pairwise sequence similarity of p113 gene of the four Mo isolates were all above 95%,and their sequence similarity with Mo standard strain of ATCC 29419 and Mo clinical strain of GZ-QX1 isolated from Guizou Province ranged from 88.6% to 89.3%.Our results demonstrated that the PCR assay targeting at p113 gene could be used in the molecular identification of Mo clinical isolates,which provided a methodological reference for the epidemiological investigation and scientific control for the respiratory tract infectious diseases in sheep and goat associated with Mo.

To determine the causative agents of the bacterial diseases of Zabuye salt goats in Pajiang Township of Zhongba County of Tibet,the clinical samples of fecal,blood,liver,spleen as well as the serous and fibrous exudates in chest cavity,abdominal cavity,pericardial cavity were recovered from the diseased goats to perform pathogenic agents isolation,identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing.The results demonstrated that 97.14%(34/35)of the recovered samples were positive for the presence of Escherichia coli,indicating that Escherichia coli was the dominant pathogen associated with the infectious disease of the Zabuye salt goat lambs in this area;the isolates were highly sensitive to cefazolin,penicillin,amoxicillin,ceftazidime,florfenicol and cefradine.This study provides a diagnostic method and a medication plan for colibacillosis prevalent in Zabuye salt goat lambs in this region.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Klebsiella isolates associated with dairy cow mastitis from Shanghai and Hebei regions and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates.Milk samples were recovered from the dairy cows with mastitis in Shanghai and Hebei regions and were tested for the presence of Klebsiella strains by traditional isolation and selective cultivation methods.Subsequently,the isolates were phenotypically and molecularly identified.The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates against the commonly used antibiotics in veterinary clinical practice was characterized.Among the 100 milk samples collected from Shanghai region,18 of them were Klebsiella positive,with a separation rate of 18%.For the 100 milk samples recovered from Hebei region,there were 14 milk samples with the presence of Klebsiella strains,indicating an isolating rate of 14%.A higher separation rate of Klebsiella was observed in the latter half of 2017 for both Shanghai and Hebei regions compared to the first half.The Klebsiella isolates expressed resistance to the tested antibiotics in different degrees.The isolates resistant to single one and multiple antimicrobial agents accounted for 21.88% and 53.13% of all strains,respectively.Only 12.50% of the isolates were susceptible to all of the tested antibiotics.Our results demonstrated that the presence of Klebsiella was associated with the emergence of dairy cow mastitis in Shanghai and Hebei regions,and the prevalence of drug resistant isolates were observed.The surveillances for the epidemiological trends and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella in animal production and veterinary clinical practice are urgently needed.Furthermore,prudent used of antibiotics in veterinary medicine is also strongly recommended to restrain the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.