Abstract: This review aimed to provide references for the detection, diagnosis, prevention and control of infections caused by Mycoplasma synoviae （MS） in Chicken. The previously published literatures demonstrated that the serological detection methods were commonly used as the preliminary diagnosis means for MS infection in chicken due to their simple and fast operation process. However, the non-specific cross reaction always affects the diagnostic accuracy. The traditional isolation and in vitro culture of MS had difficulty and always took a long time and thus fast diagnosis could not be made. The molecular biological diagnostic techniques had obvious advantages in detection speed and sensitivity, but the requirements on technical conditions were relatively higher. The confirmative diagnosis of MS infection in chicken should be made by the combined use of the above methods, for instance, the combined use of ELISA, PCR assay, clinical symptoms observation and pathological changes inspection. Purifying breeding chicken flocks, enhancing feeding and management and biological safety management, and vaccinating are proved to be effective in control of MS infection in chicken farms.