This experiment aims to establish a high-density fermentation process for Haemophilus parasuis. By comparing the culture effect of TSB, BHI, and LB medium, the TSB medium was selected for further optimization, and the optimized medium was used to carry out high-density fermentation culture of Haemophilus parasuis in a 10 L fermentation tank. The results showed that the number of viable bacteria of serum type 4 JS strain was 2.5×10^10 CFU/mL, and that of serum type 5 ZJ strain was 2.5×10^10 CFU/mL, and the addition of serum was reduced by half through the combination use of batch -supplementation and fed batch culture. Three consecutive batches of fermentation experiments at the 1 000 L fermentation scale identified that the process could be used for large-scale production of inactivated vaccine antigens of Haemophilus parasuis. In addition, animal experiments were carried out on three batches of fermentation antigens using replacement animal of guinea pigs, and the results showed that the antigens were all qualified. In summary, our results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale production of bivalent inactivated vaccines of serum type 4 and type 5 of Haemophilus parasuis.

Studies on plasmid extraction of lactic acid bacteria have a long history. Up to date, a number of effective plasmid extraction methods of lactic acid bacteria have been reported. Most of them focused on Lactococcus, however, information on plasmid preparation technique of Lactobacillus plantarum is scare. In this study, the extracting efficiency of different plasmid preparation methods in Lactobacillus plantarum were comparatively investigated, and the reported plasmid extraction methods were optimized. A high-efficient native plasmid preparation method for Lactobacillus plantarum in plateau phase was developed. In addition, the number of native plasmid and high-copy-number plasmid of Lactobacillus plantarum were assessed, which provided technical references for the preparation of donor plasmid and the selection of receptor required in further construction of Lactobacillus plantarum expression system.

The aim of this study was to establish a high-density fermentation process of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae HN0613 strain （Mhp HN0613）. The passage number with best growth activity and the optimum recovery time of Mhp HN0613 were determined using CCU as assessing index; a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was conducted to screen the optimum basal culture medium formula; the aeration rate, agitation speed and inoculation percentage were used as single evaluating factor to optimize the parameters of fermentation process with volume of 15 L, respectively; based on the developed 15 L high-density fermentation process, a 700 L scaleup fermentation process was subsequently developed; the immune efficacy of the inactivated vaccine of Mhp HN0613 prepared with the developed high-density fermentation process on rabbit and piglet was evaluated. The results showed that the best growth activity was observed in F11 of Mhp HN0613 with CCU of 1×10^9 CCU/mL; the pH value of the medium of Mhp HN0613 reduced to around 7.0 at 72 h post recovery, and the CCU of Mhp HN0613 reached up to the highest level of 1×10^9 CCU/mL, accordingly, 72 h was considered as the optimum recovery time; the optimized basal culture medium formula was as follows： 2% of initial addition of glucose, 8% of inoculation percentage of Mhp HN0613, 7.6 of pH value of the initial culture medium, and 15% of addition of porcine serum; the optimized the parameters of 15 / fermentation process of Mhp HN0613 was as follows： 100 L/h of aeration rate, 300 r/min of agitation speed, and 8% inoculation percentage; a process technology route of balance k,a linkage pH value back-regulation was initially developed in this study; the agitating impeller in the fermentation tank was altered by impulse impeller, which reduced the shear stress of impeller against the bacteria, and the CCU of Mhp HN0613 was increased ten times and the culture period was shorted by 2-3 days; in the 700 L fermentation scaleup process, the culture titer of Mhp HN0613 was no less than 5x 109 CCU/mL and even reached up to the highest level of 1×10^10 CCU/mL; the serum antibody titer of the immunized rabbits with Mhp HN0613 was no less than 1：40 and the highest level was observed as 1：160; the pneumonia decreasing rate of the immunized piglets were all above 80%, and all of the immunized piglets were clinically healthy. This study provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale Mhp vaccine production.

The present study was designed to construct a genetically engineered strain of Candida utilis that expresses methionine-rich zein protein. By using genetic engineering method, a methionine-rich δ-10kD-zein gene of maize endosperm, the promoter （GA P-p） gene and the terminator （GAP-t） gene from yeast were spliced into an expression cassette; subsequently, a homologous recombinant expression vector was constructed with a 18S rDNA fragment （serving as an integrated mediated region）, a cycloheximide （CYH） resistance gene （serving as a selection marker） and the pBR322 plasmid; the zein gene was integrated into the chromosome of Candida utilis by using homologous recombination. The determination results of methionine content by HPLC demonstrated that the expression of methionine in the recombinant strain was increased by 17.14% than the wild one. The constructed genetically engineered strain of Candida utilis provided technological foundation for further study on increasing its production of methionine.

We determined and systematically analyzed 4 kinds of blood active enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate pyruvic transaminase and 8 kinds of plasma organic matter including blood sugar, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, total protein, albumin, trilaurin, cholesterol and serum complement from 5 kinds of domestic pheasant species in China. The results showed the contents of blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein, albumin and cholesterol of American pheasant were the highest; the contents of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, low density lipoprotein, trilaurin and serum complement of Mongolian pheasant were the highest; the contents of aspartate aminotransferase and total protein of Peacock blue pheasant were the highest; the content of glutamate pyruvic transaminase of Japanese pheasant was the highest. The results provided a reference basis for studying the characteristics of pheasants from the aspect of biochemical characteristics.

This experiment was designed to study the effect of replacement of feeding antibiotics with the combination of a fermented feed and probiotics prepared with fermented Chinese herbal medicine on production performance of laying hens. The 304-day-old Hy-line laying hens were selected and randomly divided into control group and experiment group. The control group was fed with basal diet with 2 kg/t of ampicillin, while the experiment group was fed with basal diet with the combination of 3% of fermented feed and 3 kg/t of probiotics prepared with fermented Chinese herbal medicine. The results showed that the fecal formability of the experiment group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the egg laying rate was significantly increased on the 46^th and 175^th experimental day （P〈0.05）; on the 175^th day, the death and culling rate and egg breaking rate of the experiment group were reduced by 25.00%, 18.05%, respectively, and the yolk color was significantly different from that of the control group （P〈0.01）; the antibody levels against avian influenza H9 virus and Newcastle disease virus in eggs in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P〈0.05）. In summary, the combination uses of the fermented feed and probiotics prepared with fermented Chinese herbal medicine may serve as a good alternative for feeding antibiotics in laying hen breeding.

The purpose of this study was to study the effects of iron and VA on serum protein metabolism in commercial generation of Henlan Brown laying hens. A total of 432 healthy hens 26-week-old were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group. Completely random experiment design method of 3×2 （iron×VA） was adopted, and the iron content in diet was 0, 30, 60 mg/kg and the VA content was 4 000 and 8 000 IU/kg, respectively. Feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks from 27 weeks age, and the serum total protein content and serum urea nitrogen content of the laying hens were measured at 30^th and 34^th week of age, respectively. The results showed that the interaction of dietary iron and VA had no significant effect on serum total protein concentration of 30-week-old and 34-week-old layers （P〉0.05）; the addition level of dietary VA had a significant effect on serum total protein concentration of 30-week-old layers （P〈0.05）, and the high-level dietary VA （8 000 IU/kg） was significantly higher than the low-level dietary VA （4 000 I U/kg）. The interaction between dietary iron and VA had no significant effect on serum urea nitrogen concentration of 30-week-old and 34-week-old laying hens （P〉0.05）; the addition level of dietary VA had a significant effect on serum urea nitrogen concentration of 30-week-old laying hens （P〈0.01）, and the high-level dietary VA （8 000 IU/kg） was significantly lower than the low-level dietary VA （4 000 IU/kg）. In conclusion, adding VA to diets can improve the protein metabolism process of laying hens.

In this study, the growth and development of four representative natural forage varieties, including Elymus sibiricus, Astragalus membranaceus, Geranium wilfordii and Achillea millefolium, in the typical mountain meadow steppe on the northern slope of central Tianshan mountains were assessed. The results showed that the height variation of the four forage varieties exhibited a ＂slow-fast-slow＂ tendency, which was in accordance with the basic growth rule of plants; while the growth rate of Elymus sibiricus, Achillea millefolium and Geranium wilfordii was relatively faster during returning green stage and tillering stage, Astragalus membranaceus had a faster growth rate at the beginning of returning green stage; after the tillering stage, the growth rate of the four forage varieties became slower; the highest coverage and yield were observed in June and July.

In order to clarify the effect of cutting on biomass and quality of Leymus chinensis meadow grassland and to determine the suitable cutting time and reasonable stubble height, taking Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Horqin grassland as the research region, a randomized block experiment was conducted in 2016 by two factors of cutting time and stubble height with 3 levels of cutting time and 4 levels of stubble height. The results showed that the coverage, density and above-ground biomass of the community and the above-ground biomass of Leymus chinensis cut on August 15 were significantly higher than those cut on August 1 （P〈0.05）; with the postponement of cutting time, the CP content of the community and Leymus chinensis decreased gradually, and the ADF and NDF content of community increased gradually; there was a significant difference between cutting on August 1 and September 1 （P〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference from cutting on August 15 （P〉0.05）; while the contents of ADF and NDF of Leymus chinensis exhibited an increasing trend, there was no significant difference among varied treatments （P〉0.05）; the under-ground biomass of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil communities increased gradually, while the rhizome biomass of Leymus chinensis decreased gradually; the above-ground biomass of the community with 2 cm stubble height was significantly higher than that with 8 cm stubble height （P〈0.05）, and there was no significant difference from the 5 cm stubble height（P〉0.05）; there was no significant difference in CP content among the different communities with stubble height of 2 cm, 5 cm and 8 cm （P〉0.05）, respectively. To sum up, the suitable cutting time of Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Horqin grassland is about 15 August, and the suitable stubble height is 2-5 cm.

In order to clarify the effects of cutting time on yield, nutrient composition, over-wintering rate and sustainable utilization of Medicago varia, the growth characteristics, hay yield, nutritional quality and over-wintering rate of Medicago varia Martin. cv. Caoyuan No.3 in the year of planting with different cutting time treatments were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the cutting time had no significant effect on the average plant height and growth rate of Medicago varia Martin. cv. Caoyuan No.3 in the year of planting, but had significant effects on the stem-leaf ratio, fresh-dry ratio and over-wintering rate （P〈0.05）. The highest stem-leaf ratio and the over-wintering rate were obtained in once cutting, which were 0.98% and 95%, respectively; higher average plant height, growth rate and fresh-dry ratio were observed under twice cutting treatment, which were 59 cm, 1.30 cm/d and 3.76, respectively; the highest whole-year hay yield was obtained in twice cutting, which was 5 211 kg/hm^2; the average value of crude protein content and relative feed value was higher with twice cutting treatment, which were 20.5% and 140, respectively; the average value of acid washing fiber content and neutral washing fiber content was lower with twice cutting treatment, which were 35.9% and 40.6%, respectively. Considering the growth characteristics, hay yield, nutrient quality and over-wintering rate comprehensively, one cutting time in the year of planting was recommended for Medicago varia Martin. cv. Caoyuan No.3.

In order to construct the combination model of farming and breeding, to utilize the biogas-slurry produced by livestock breeding industry, and to determine the effect of this model on feeding quality composition of barley, a study on correlation between main traits and feeding quality indexes of the barley variety of Supi No. 8 under biogas-slurry returning to field mode was carried out in .liangsu coastal area. The results showed that the height of Supi No. 8 was significantly positively correlated with the biomass, and effects of height, ratio of stem and leaf as well as dry matter content on biomass reached up to 88.0%; the moisture content, total starch content, thousand-grain weight, and plot grain yield were significantly or extremely significantly positively （or negatively） correlated with grain protein content, and the impact reached up to 95.9%; in the whole-plant feeding quality analysis of Supi No. 8, the content of crude ash, crude fiber, neutral washing fiber and acidic washing fiber were closely related to the linear relationship of the crude protein content, and the effect reached 70.0%. This study indicated that the barley variety of Supi No. 8 had a great feeding potential under biogas-slurry returning to field model, and the apparent indexes such as plant height and yield could be used to estimate the feeding value and guide the production management.

The damaging status and monitoring situation of grassland caterpillar in Tongren County of Qinghai Province were introduced in this paper. The demonstrative application effect of four selected biologic agents against grassland caterpillar were evaluated and compared, and the countermeasures for controlling the grassland caterpillar were also proposed, in hoping to provide scientific basis for the effective control of grassland caterpillar in this region.

Porcine artificial insemination technology is widely used with the rapid development of pig farming industry in which semen preservation plays a crucial role. Stable semen preservation technology greatly promotes the spread of excellent genes in the pig industry, extends the geographical regions of semen application, improves the swine variety, and is helpful to control the spreading of pathogens. In this paper, the research progress and application status of semen preservation technology in livestock and poultry production were summarized, the influencing factors of pig semen preservation efficiency were reviewed, and the existing problems in application of pig semen preservation technology were analyzed, in hoping to provide references for the research and application of pig semen preservation technology.

Dairy goats are characterized by excellent milk quality, stable milking performance and rich nutrients in milk. The dairy goat industry has become an emerging highlight in development of animal husbandry industry. After many years of selection and breeding, China now has a number of local dairy goat varieties. With the development of molecular breeding technology, there are increasing studies on the genes associated with milk production traits of dairy goats. In this paper, the research progress on screening and function of milk production traits associated genes in dairy goat was reviewed, in hoping to provide theoretical basis for the investigation, protection and utilization of the excellent genetic resources of dairy goats.

Based on the summary of the practical teaching mode and the accumulation of teaching experience in the specialty of sports horse domestication and management for six years in Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, the equestrian industry development mode in our country at present stage and the existing problems in domestic equestrianism talents training mode were objectively analyzed. A practical teaching mode of ＂whole-process post delimitation and two-round training＂ which was suitable for the equestrianism skilled talents training in vocational colleges was summarized from the teaching work, in hoping to provide references for establishing the perfect personnel training system for equestrianism talents.

The cognizing practice of animal science major is an important link to guide students to understand specialty and set up professional thought. Through a series of practices, such as reasonably designing courses and carefully arranging the contents, we have explored the approaches to improve the courses content by inviting the guidance teachers from enterprise to explain on the spot, going deep into the modern enterprises to apperceive the cutting-edge science and technology, inviting experts and working models to integrate agricultural emotional education, establishing long-term mechanism of talents training by corporation of college and enterprise, and enhancing base construction. These approaches expressed a positive effect on guiding students to fully recognize the specialty, stimulating the enthusiasm of study, setting up correct professional thought, and strengthening the belief of studying agriculture and love agriculture. The ＂double cognition＂ of ＂recognition of animal science and technology as well as the perception of animal husbandry emotional＂ has realized and the teaching effect has been improved.

In combination with the course features and local characteristics, the teaching content of Animal Disease was integrated according to the current teaching situation. In addition, the significance and method of constructing the three-dimensional teaching resources was explored, and the three-dimensional teaching resources that meet the requirements of this course was established. The teaching resources were optimized and enriched, the teaching ways were expanded, and the teaching effect was improved.

According to the requirements of transformative development of universities and the needs of development of Changbai Mountain＇s animal husbandry economy, the College of Animal Science and Technology of Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University has actively developed a new pattern of undertaking scientific research, supporting teaching and serving the society, and establishes the animal nutrition research laboratory. The laboratory has carried out a series of tasks, such as rationally arranging its subordinate laboratories, precisely assigning experimental instruments, determining developmental direction and main research contents, formulating effective laboratory management methods, deeply cooperating with other laboratories and enterprises, providing technical services to enterprises by mining resources from the society. Through the above measures, a new platform with inteqration of production, teaching and research was built.

In order to investigate whether the MHK scores of the minority ethnic students majoring in veterinary medicine influences their achievements in specialized course or not, a total of ninety-seven minority ethnic students in 2015 class who have participated in the MHK test were selected as research objects, and their MHK scores and Veterinary Obstetrics scores were collected. GraphPad Prism 6 software was used for statistical analysis and mapping. The results showed that amongst the observed students, the ones who scored Grade 4A, Grade 4B, Grade 3A, Grade 3B and non-Grade in the MHK test accounted for 20%, 25%, 32%, 20% and 3%, respectively; the average score of Veterinary Obstetrics of the students with Grade 4A, Grade 4B, Grade 3A, Grade 3B and non-Grade in MHK test was 83.47, 79.08, 74.48, 70.94 and 56.66, respectively. The statistical results revealed that there were significant differences in Veterinary Obstetrics scores between the students with different levels of MHK scores; higher Veterinary Obstetrics average scores were observed in students who had higher MHK scores, indicating the positive correlation between MHK scores and Veterinary Obstetrics scores. In conclusion, for the minority ethnic students, the better the Chinese proficiency, the higher the achievements in specialized course. Therefore, it is necessary for the minority ethnic students to strengthen the learning of Chinese language.

In this study, the existing difficulties and problems in education of minority ethnic students majoring in veterinary medicine were analyzed, and some detailed reforming countermeasures, such as adjusting the training program of minority ethnic classes, improving Chinese language level and English language application ability of minority ethnic students, and enhancing the employment quality of minority ethnic students majoring in veterinary medicine, in hoping to strengthen the understand of veterinary medicine specialty, improve initiative study sense and comprehensive ability, and promote the employment of minority ethnic students.

This review aimed to provide references for the investigation of animal manure treatment technology by using earthworms. Scientific literatures demonstrated that the variety selection of earthworms, environmental elements, maturity of animal manure, combination of different animal manure, and excipient composition are primary influencing factors associated with animal manure treatment effect using earthworms. Eisenia are the most commonly investigated and used earthworm variety at home and abroad; the treatment temperature is recommended to be maintained at 15 to 25℃, and the pH value are expected to be controlled at the neutral range; the earthworms have best growth performance in cattle manure; accordingly, to improve the manure treatment effect, the cattle manure with dominant ratio is recommended to be supplemented in other animals＇ the manure. The impact of humidity, manure maturity as well as excipient selection and composition under different treatment conditions on animal manure treatment effect are necessary to be further studied.

The fine wool of Ordos is mainly produced in Wushen Banner of Ordos of Inner Mongolia and its quality is comparable to that of the Australian wool. In recent years, with the strong support of governments at all levels, the local farmers have explored an effective way of the production and management of fine wool. The price of fine wool has increased year by year, and the local farmers and herdsmen achieve steady increase in income. To promote the supply-side structural reform on local fine wool production, we recommend that the variety improvement of Ordos fine wool sheep should be enhanced, the direct selling of fine wool should be well organized, the modern management technology in fine wool production should be extended, the fair inspection system of fine wool should be established and implemented, and the production and management mode should be optimized.

Since 2007, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province has continued to aim at increasing the efficiency of agriculture and animal husbandry and the income of farmers and herdsmen, and conscientiously organized and implemented various measures in animal husbandry production. Through these measures, livestock production has maintained a sound and fast development. In order to further promote the healthy and sustainable development of animal husbandry in this region, it is suggested that this region continue to promote the establishment of national and provincial industrial parks as well as science and technology demonstration parks, promote the industrialization of Tibetan sheep, yaks and forage grass to make these famous, outstanding and special brands bigger and stronger, deepen the innovative application of big data in animal husbandry production, operation, management and service, strengthen cooperation with scientific research institutes, especially in focus on the transformation and promotion of scientific and technological achievements in the fields of grass, livestock and seed production, and do a goodjob in livestock epidemic diseases prevention and control and product quality and safety.

With the rise of large-scale beef cattle breeding in recent years, the beef cattle production in Inner Mongolia which is an important beef export base in China and the world is continuously increased. However, due to the lack of animal welfare concepts and non-standard operation in the transportation links, some beef cattle suffered from bruises, bloodstains, DFD meat, weight loss of carcass, transportation stress and other problems after transportation, which resulted in poor color, bad flavor and reduced meat grade and seriously affected the nutrition and safety of beef, beef cattle industry and the economic benefits of farmers and herdsmen. There is no doubt that animal welfare in the transportation of beef cattle is becoming a hot topic for producers and consumers. This paper summarized the animal welfare problems in beef cattle transportation in Inner Mongolia and the research status at home and abroad, and put forward some countermeasures to improve animal welfare in beef cattle transportation, in hoping to provide reference for improving beef transportation welfare and beef quality.

This review aimed to provide references for the detection, diagnosis, prevention and control of infections caused by Mycoplasma synoviae （MS） in Chicken. The previously published literatures demonstrated that the serological detection methods were commonly used as the preliminary diagnosis means for MS infection in chicken due to their simple and fast operation process. However, the non-specific cross reaction always affects the diagnostic accuracy. The traditional isolation and in vitro culture of MS had difficulty and always took a long time and thus fast diagnosis could not be made. The molecular biological diagnostic techniques had obvious advantages in detection speed and sensitivity, but the requirements on technical conditions were relatively higher. The confirmative diagnosis of MS infection in chicken should be made by the combined use of the above methods, for instance, the combined use of ELISA, PCR assay, clinical symptoms observation and pathological changes inspection. Purifying breeding chicken flocks, enhancing feeding and management and biological safety management, and vaccinating are proved to be effective in control of MS infection in chicken farms.

In August 2018, the first case of African swine fever （ASF） was confirmatively diagnosed and reported in Shenyang of Liaoning province. Undoubtedly, the emergence of this disease combined with the existing classical swine fever （CSF） poses a great threat to the healthy development of pig industry in China. This paper reviewed the etiology, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques and prevention and control of ASF and CSF, in hoping to provide reference for the effective and comprehensive prevention and control of ASF and CSF.

In order to investigate the infection status of Staphylococcus aureus in sheep farms in Pajiang Township of 7hongba County of Tibet, the pus, milk, blood samples as well as the pathological tissues were collected for isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test of Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in this sheep farm was 16.24% （19/117）. High sensitivity to norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, oxacillin, cefoxitin, vancomycin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefradine, compound neomycin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was observed, which indicated that antibiotics were less used in sheep production and there was no abuse of antibiotics in northwest Tibet. The obtained results in this study provide a rational therapeutic regimen for Staphylococcus aureus infection in this sheep farm.

Sporadic abortion was observed in the pregnant ewes of a goat farm in Pingxiang of Jiangxi Province. In order to determine whether the incidence of goat abortion was associated with Brucella infection or not and to understand the prevalence of brucellosis in this goat farm, a total of 100 goat serum were sampled randomly and preliminary identified by RBPT. The positive serum was retested by SAT. The results showed that the positive rate of brucellosis in this goat farm was 20%, indicating that routine monitoring and effective control measures against brucellosis were required.