Abstract: The influence of boron with different level added in water on renal organization structure was studied. 180 pcs of 1 d old Gushi chicks were randomly divided into control group, Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the drinking water of Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ contained 100 and 200 mg/L boron resp., the experiment period was 6 w. 10 pcs of Gushi chickens were selected at every weekend to slaughter by bloodletting at neck artery and vein, kidney were taken at once in anatomy, fixed with Bouin liquid, paraffin section prepared, H .E staining, microscopic observation and photograph were conducted. The results showed that glomus swelling on renal corpuscle, tubular wall cell swelling of renal tubule, degeneration, denaturalization of collecting tubule and on the straight part cell particles of renal tubule for tested Group Ⅰ at 1-2 w; the renal organization structure began to restore from the 3rd week and organization structure got right at the 6th week. For the Group Ⅱ, at 1-2 w, the phenomena of atrophy, necrosis and disintegration of renal corpuscle glomus for Gushi chickens were common, capsule of glomerulus became bigger, capsule wall structure was not complete, swelling of proximal and distal convoluted tubular cells, denaturalization or hydropic degeneration of cell particles; the renal organization structure of Gushi chickens had recovery sign at 3-6 w; but the renal histopathology change was still evident at the 6th week. Conclusion： There were some inhibitory or damage effects on renal organization structure of Gushi chickens at 1 -2 w by adding 100 mg/L boron in drinking water, and had promotion and improvement effects on renal organization structure growth of chickens at 3 -6 w.It had inhibitory even toxic effect on renal organization structure growth of Gushi chickens by adding 200 mg/L boron in water at the whole test period, so as to affect body excretion function.