放牧和施肥模式对轻度退化天然羊草草原羊草叶钙、铁、锌含量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.04.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探索轻度退化天然羊草草原更加合理的放牧和施肥模式,为提高牧草饲用品质提供参考。【方法】试验采用随机区组设计,分别测定了不同放牧强度[不放牧(CK)、轻度放牧、中度放牧、重度放牧],不同放牧模式[不放牧(CK)、单独牧牛、单独牧羊、牛羊混牧]及不同施肥模式[不施肥(CK)、施加氮磷钾复合肥、施加腐殖酸肥、施加硝酸铵]的轻度退化天然羊草草原羊草的株高、鲜重及羊草叶Ca、Fe、Zn含量。【结果】重度放牧能够促进羊草叶Fe含量的增加,与CK相比增加了76%(P<0.05);单独牧牛、单独牧羊、牛羊混牧能够促进羊草叶Fe含量增加,与CK相比分别增加了36%、174%和164%(P<0.05);轻度放牧、中度放牧,施加氮磷钾复合肥、腐殖酸或硝酸铵对羊草叶Ca、Fe、Zn含量积累无影响;与CK相比,施加75、150、225 kg/hm²氮磷钾复合肥和1 500 kg/hm²腐殖酸时,羊草的株高分别提高了10.0%、22.1%、28.5%和13.0%。施加150、225 kg/hm²氮磷钾复合肥时,羊草的鲜重分别增加了35.0%和63.0%(P<0.05)。与CK相比,施加75 kg/hm²氮磷钾复合肥和1 500 kg/hm²腐殖酸均对羊草鲜重无显著影响(P>0.05)。施加不同浓度的硝酸铵对羊草的株高、鲜重无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】对于轻度退化的天然羊草草原,重度放牧、单独牧牛、单独牧羊及牛羊混牧的模式均会促进羊草叶Fe含量的积累,使羊草的饲用品质有所提高;施加氮磷钾复合肥和腐殖酸能够促进羊草株高、鲜重增加。

关键词: 天然羊草草原, 羊草, 放牧强度, 放牧模式, 施肥模式, 钙, 铁, 锌

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate a more sensible grazing and fertilization mode in mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensisgrassland and to serve as a guide for raising the quality of the forage.【Methods】In a random block design,the plant height,leaf fresh weight and leaf Ca,Fe,and Zn content were measured under various grazing conditions including different grazing intensity[no grazing(CK),light grazing,medium grazing,and heavy grazing],different grazing modes[no grazing(CK),cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,mixed grazing of cattle and sheep],as well as different fertilization modes[no fertilizer(CK),NPK compound fertilizer,humic acid fertilizer,ammonium nitrate].【Results】Heavy grazing increased the Fe content of Leymus chinensis leaves by 76% compared with CK(P<0.05). Cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,mixed grazing of cattle and sheep increased the Fe content in Leymus chinensis leaves by 36%,174%,and 164% compared with CK(P<0.05). The Ca,Fe,and Zn content in Leymus chinensis leaves were unaffected by light or medium grazing,application of NPK compound fertilizer,humic acid fertilizer,or ammonium nitrate. In comparison with CK,applying 75,150,225 kg/hm² NPK compound fertilizer and 1 500 kg/hm² humic acid,the plant height of Leymus chinensis rose by 10.0%,22.1%,28.5%,and 13.0%,respectively. When 150 and 225 kg/hm² NPK compound fertilizer were applied,the fresh weight of Leymus chinensis rose by 35.0% and 63.0%,respectively(P<0.05). The application of 75 kg/hm² of NPK compound fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm² of humic acid and in comparison with CK had no significant impact on the fresh weight of Leymus chinensis(P>0.05). The application of varying concentrations of ammonium nitrate had no significant effect on Leymus chinensis plant height and fresh weight(P>0.05).【Conclusion】For mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensis grassland heavy grazing,cattle herding alone,sheep herding alone,and mixed grazing of cattle and sheep all encouraged the accumulation of Fe content in the leaves of Leymus chinensisand improved the feeding quality of Leymus chinensis. Applying NPK compound fertilizer and humic acid boosted the increase in plant height and fresh weight of Leymus chinensis.

Key words: Natural Leymus chinensis grassland, Leymus chinensis, Grazing intensity, Grazing mode, Fertilization mode, Ca, Fe, Zn

中图分类号:

S688.4

闫春霞, 赵曼, 李浩, 张林, 张晓严, 祁智. 放牧和施肥模式对轻度退化天然羊草草原羊草叶钙、铁、锌含量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2022, 50(4): 83-95.

YAN Chunxia, ZHAO Man, LI Hao, ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Xiaoyan, QI Zhi. Effects of different grazing and fertilization modes on Ca,Fe and Zn contents in leaves of Leymus chinensis in mildly degraded natural Leymus chinensis grassland[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2022, 50(4): 83-95.

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