Abstract: This article provides an overview of the concept of biodiversity,meaning,significance,and the status quo.This article points out that the main reasons of reduction in biodiversity,involved human,natural and institutional reasons.The human reasons are： living environment loss,biological resources overdevelopment,environmental pollution,exotic species invasion.Associated protective measures are proposed combined with practical situation,such as in terms of system：building and perfecting the system of nature reserve,making nature reserve law and exotic species management statutes,using biological resources continually in protection to promote the protection of biological diversity work.