Abstract: Agro-ecological environmental protection plays an extremely important role in sustainable development of Chinese modern agriculture. Currently, some natural and human factors have caused the destruction of agrieuhural ecological environment, which pose a great threat to the development of society and economy of China. To improve the agricultural ecological environment of Hulun Buir city, based on the official data and variation characteristics of sown area of the crops, total grain yield and the application quantity of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and agricultural plastic film in recent years, the trends of agriculture production pattern, fertilizer utilization efficiency as well as the agricultural environment status were pointed, and the specific factors caused the agricultural environment pollution were analyzed. The specific measures to protect the agricultural environment of Hulun Buir city were also proposed in this paper.