Abstract: Based on climatological data from 1960 to 2012 and observational data of soil moisture from 1982 to 2012 at Guyang county of Baotou city, analysis of climate change and its effect on soil moisture in recent 50 years were done by using regression and correlation analysis. The results showed that the temperature at Guyang county showed a significantly up trend and the annual temperature had gone up 2.1 ℃ in recent 53 years. The annual precipitation showed a slow increasing trend, but the precipitation in summer was in slow decline when the crop demanded more water; soil moistures decreased significantly in recent 31 years, which showed a markedly downward trend in autumn; soil moistures had negative correlation with temperature and it had positive correlation with precipitation; effect of temperature and precipitation on soil moisture in summer was significant.