煤基复混肥在模拟农田条件下氮磷钾养分的释放特性

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.02.06

北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 34-42.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.02.06

煤基复混肥在模拟农田条件下氮磷钾养分的释放特性

白宏伟¹, 索全义¹, 刘巍², 蔺方春²

1.内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010011;
2.内蒙古茂元腐植酸科技有限公司,内蒙古临河 015300

收稿日期:2020-01-20 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-07-17
通讯作者: 索全义（1962—）,男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事植物营养与土壤肥力的研究工作。
作者简介:白宏伟(1994—),男,硕士,研究方向为土壤肥力与植物营养。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31660362)

Nutrients releasing characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in coal-based compound fertilizer under simulated farmland conditions

BAI Hongwei¹, SUO Quanyi¹, LIU Wei², LIN Fangchun²

1. College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources,Hohhot 010011,China;
2. Inner Mongolia Maoyuan Humic Acid Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Linhe 015300,China

Received:2020-01-20 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-07-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过煤基物质与化肥不同配比制备的煤基复混肥室内土柱淋溶试验来模拟其在农田土壤条件下的养分释放效应,为确定煤基复混肥在农业生产中是否对养分具有延缓释放效果及其是否对作物生长发育存在影响提供理论依据。【方法】利用磨碎过筛的煤基物质（煤泥∶煤矸石∶风化煤=1∶2∶1）和化肥（磷酸二铵、氯化钾）制备氮磷钾总养分量分别为20%（MJF1）、25%（MJF2）和30%（MJF3）的煤基复混肥料,以普通复混肥（HF）为对照(CK),在等养分施肥条件的基础上,通过室内土柱淋溶得出不同时间段淋溶液养分的累积淋出率,模拟该肥料在施入农田后养分在土壤中的释放过程。【结果】淋溶11 d时,与HF处理相比,MJF1、MJF2、MJF3处理的养分累积淋出率均有显著降低（P<0.05）,其中,铵态氮分别降低了8.78、10.51、8.01个百分点,硝态氮分别降低了7.78、10.16、12.57个百分点,磷素分别降低了24.80、20.59、22.57个百分点,钾素分别降低了30.01、24.14、18.83个百分点;改变加入煤基物质的比例对煤基复混肥中铵态氮、磷素和钾素的养分累积淋出率动态变化规律影响不明显,但对硝态氮的养分累积淋出率动态变化规律有影响。【结论】煤基复混肥施入土壤后对氮磷钾养分的释放均有显著的延缓效果,有利于减少养分流失、提高作物对肥料的利用效率、促进作物生长发育,在农业生产中具有重要意义;在煤基复混肥的制备过程中,改变煤基物质的添加量,可以在一定程度上影响肥料养分在土壤中的缓释效果。

关键词: 煤基复混肥, 缓释效果, 土壤养分, 农田条件, 农业生产

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the release process of nutrients in farmland soil and their crops by coal-based compound fertilizers prepared with coal-based materials and chemical fertilizers impact of growth and development.The indoor soil column leaching test of coal-based compound fertilizers with different ratios of coal-based materials and chemical fertilizers is used to simulate the nutrient release effect under farmland soil conditions. It is whether coal-based compound fertilizers have delayed nutrients in agricultural production to provide a theoretical basis in release effect and its impact on crop growth.【Methods】The total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium prepared by grinding and sieving coal-based materials (slime∶coal gangue∶weathered coal =1∶2∶1) and chemical fertilizers (diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride) were 20%(MJF1), 25%(MJF2) and 30%(MJF3) coal-based compound fertilizer,with ordinary compound fertilizer (HF) as the control (CK), on the basis of equal nutrient fertilization conditions, through the indoor soil column leaching to obtain the cumulative leaching rate of the leaching solution nutrients in different periods changes in the soil to simulate the release process of nutrients in the soil after the fertilizer applied to the farmland.【Results】Compared with (HF) treatment(CK), the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients in MJF1, MJF2, and MJF3 treatments were significantly reduced (P<0.05), in which the ammonium nitrogen was reduced by 8.78, 10.51, 8.01 percentage points, respectively, nitrate nitrogen was reduced by 7.78, 10.16, and 12.57 percentage points, phosphorus decreased by 24.80, 20.59, and 22.57 percentage points, and potassium decreased by 30.01, 24.14, and 18.83 percentage points, respectively; Changing the proportion of coal-based substances added to ammonium in coal-based compound fertilizers, The dynamic change law of the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was not obvious, but it had an effect on the dynamic change law of the cumulative leaching rate of nutrients of nitrate nitrogen.【Conclusion】After the coal-based compound fertilizer was applied to the soil, the release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients had a significant delay effect, which was helpful to reduce the loss of nutrients, improved the efficiency of crop utilization of fertilizers, and promoted the growth and development of crops; Changing the amount of coal-based materials added could affect the slow-release effect of fertilizer nutrients in the soil during the preparation of coal-based compound fertilizers.

Key words: Coal-based compound fertilizer, Slow-release effect, Soil nutrients, Farmland conditions, Agricultural production

中图分类号:

S141.8

白宏伟, 索全义, 刘巍, 蔺方春. 煤基复混肥在模拟农田条件下氮磷钾养分的释放特性[J]. 北方农业学报, 2020, 48(2): 34-42.

BAI Hongwei, SUO Quanyi, LIU Wei, LIN Fangchun. Nutrients releasing characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in coal-based compound fertilizer under simulated farmland conditions[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2020, 48(2): 34-42.

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煤基复混肥在模拟农田条件下氮磷钾养分的释放特性

Nutrients releasing characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in coal-based compound fertilizer under simulated farmland conditions

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