北方农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 52-56.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1197.2019.04.09

• 作物栽培·土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古黄土高原秸秆还田对土壤养分特性及玉米产量的影响

高日平1,2,3,4, 赵思华5, 高宇2,3,4, 韩云飞1,2,3,4, 任永峰2,3,4, 赵沛义1,2,3,4   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学 农学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    4.农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,内蒙古 呼和浩特 011705;
    5.呼和浩特市第二中学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010090
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-26 出版日期:2019-08-20 发布日期:2019-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵沛义(1972—),男,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事旱地作物栽培与生理生态的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:高日平(1995—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为旱地作物栽培与生理生态研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑项目(2015BAD22B01); 内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金项目(CXJJ2017N12); 内蒙古科技计划项目(20170218); 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800803,2018YFD0800806)

Effects of straw mulching on soil nutrient characteristics and maize yield in loess plateau of Inner Mongolia

GAO Riping1,2,3,4, ZHAO Sihua5, GAO Yu2,3,4, HAN Yunfei1,2,3,4, REN Yongfeng2,3,4, ZHAO Peiyi1,2,3,4   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
    2.Institute of Resources,Environment and Testing Technology,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agriculture,Hohhot 010031,China;
    4.Inner Mongolia Cultivated Land Conservation Scientific Observation and Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Villages,Hohhot 011705,China;
    5.Hohhot No.2 Middle School,Hohhot 010090,China
  • Received:2019-06-26 Online:2019-08-20 Published:2019-12-10

摘要: 针对内蒙古黄土高原地区秸秆资源利用不合理、利用率低等实际问题,在清水河县进行秸秆直接还田小区试验,探究 0,3 000,6 000,12 000 kg/hm2秸秆还田量下土壤有机质、全量养分、速效养分及产量变化规律,旨在明确秸秆还田对该区域玉米农田土壤养分提升及作物产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田促进了土壤有机质和全氮、全磷、全钾含量提升,减缓了土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的消耗;在产量方面,3 000,6 000,12 000 kg/hm2生物产量和籽粒产量分别较对照提高9.3%,13.1%,10.1%和8.5%,11.4%,9.3%。不同秸秆还田量对土壤养分影响显著,秸秆还田可培肥土壤和提高作物产量,其中以6 000 kg/hm2还田措施效果最好,可作为一种提质增效栽培模式在内蒙古黄土高原推广应用。

关键词: 黄土高原, 秸秆还田, 玉米, 土壤养分, 产量

Abstract: In view of the actual problem in the loess plateau region of Inner Mongolia such as unreasonable straw resource utilization and low utilization ratio,straw returning directly plot test in Qingshuihe was carried out.Under the probe into 0,3 000,6 000,12 000 kg/hm2 returning the amount of soil organic matter,the total amount of nutrients,the available nutrient and the yield change rule were studied,to clear straw returned to the effect of maize farmland soil nutrient and crop yield.The results showed that different straw mulching quantities had significant effects on soil nutrients.The straw mulching increased the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium,and slowed down the consumption of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium.The biological yield and grain yield of 3 000,6 000,12 000 kg/hm2 were increased by 9.3%,13.1%,10.1% and 8.5%,11.4%,9.3%,respectively,compared with control.In conclusion,straw mulching can enrich soil and improve crop yield,and 6 000 kg/hm2 has the best effect,which can be used as a cultivation mode to improve the quality and efficiency in the loess plateau of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Loess plateau, Returning straw to field, Maize, Soil nutrients, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S318