北方农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 97-106.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.11

• 农业生态环境·农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

北方农牧交错区秸秆覆盖防风蚀技术创新与应用

任永峰1,2,3, 刘丹2, 张向前1,3, 路战远1,2,3, 程玉臣1, 张德健2, 何进4, 赵小庆1,3, 高艳华2   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古大学 生命科学学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020;
    3.农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    4.中国农业大学,北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-09 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-07-24
  • 通讯作者: 路战远(1964—),男,研究员,博士,博士生导师,主要从事保护性耕作和农田生态研究工作。
  • 作者简介:任永峰(1984—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事旱作农业技术研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古科技重大专项(ZDZX2016014); 内蒙古科技计划项目(2021GG064); 内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2022CXJJN10)

Innovation and application of straw mulching technology for wind erosion prevention in northern agro-pastoral ecotone

REN Yongfeng1,2,3, LIU Dan2, ZHANG Xiangqian1,3, LU Zhanyuan1,2,3, CHENG Yuchen1, ZHANG Dejian2, HE Jin4, ZHAO Xiaoqing1,3, GAO Yanhua2   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010020,China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010031,China;
    4. China Agricultural University,Beijing 100091,China
  • Received:2024-02-09 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-07-24

摘要: 北方农牧交错区是我国遏制荒漠化和沙化东移南下的重要生态安全屏障,对国家粮食安全和边疆稳定具有重要战略意义。长期以来,由于严重土壤风蚀和过度耕作而导致的农田沙化退化和产能下降等问题日益凸显,国内外开展实施的秸秆粉碎覆盖地表防风蚀技术,在农牧交错区应用时秸秆易吹移造成土壤裸露、防风减蚀稳定性差,因此,秸秆覆盖防风蚀技术的深入研究在农田生态治理方面具有重要意义。文章论述了留茬覆盖、碎秆覆盖、茬-秆复合覆盖等秸秆覆盖技术的防风蚀效应和保墒培肥效应,阐明了秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落结构和作物农艺性状与产量性状的影响,总结了茬-秆复合覆盖技术的创新内容和应用效果,明确了结合农牧交错区生态特点和复杂耕种制度创建的差异化茬-秆复合精准覆盖技术的防风减蚀效果和适宜性。差异化茬-秆复合精准覆盖技术已成为我国东北黑土地保护、国家耕地保护与质量提升等重大工程的主导技术并大面积推广应用,为农田保护利用和国家粮食安全提供了重要科技支撑。

关键词: 北方农牧交错区, 留茬覆盖, 秸秆覆盖, 茬-秆复合覆盖, 防风减蚀

Abstract: The northern agro-pastoral ecotone is an important ecological security barrier to curb desertification and sandification east to South in China,which is of great strategic significance to national food security and border stability. For a long time,the problems of farmland desertification degradation and productivity decline caused by serious soil wind erosion and over-cultivation have become increasingly prominent. The technology of straw crushing and covering surface wind erosion prevention has been carried out at home and abroad. The application of straw in the agro-pastoral ecotone is easy to blow away the soil and the stability of wind erosion control is poor. Therefore,the in-depth study of straw mulching technology for wind erosion prevention is of great significance in farmland ecological management. The paper discusses straw mulching techniques such as stubble mulching,broken straw mulching and stubble-straw composite mulching on wind erosion prevention and soil moisture conservation and fertilization,elucidates the effects of straw mulching on soil microbial community structure and crop agronomic traits and yield traits,summarizes the innovative content and application effects of stubble-straw composite mulching technology,and clarifies the effect and suitability of the wind erosion prevention by the differentiated stubble-straw composite precision mulching technology created in combination with the ecological characteristics of agro-pastoral ecotone and complex farming systems.The differentiated stubble-straw composite precise mulching technology has become the leading technology in major projects such as black soil protection in Northeast China,national farmland protection and quality improvement,and has been widely promoted and applied,providing important scientific and technological support for farmland protection and utilization,and national food security.

Key words: Northern agro-pastoral ecotone, Stubble mulching, Straw mulching, Stubble-straw compound mulching, Wind erosion prevention and control

中图分类号: 

  • S341