北方农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 22-32.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.02.03

• 土壤肥料·园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

耕作方式对内蒙古旱作区土壤水热及玉米产量的影响

程志鹏1, 张成泽1, 王富贵1, 王振1, 张悦忠2, 闫立伟3, 梁红伟1, 杨志红1, 高聚林1, 王志刚1   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010;
    2.兴安盟扎赉特旗农牧和科技局,内蒙古 扎赉特旗 137400;
    3.赤峰市农业技术服务中心,内蒙古 赤峰 024000
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-27 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 王志刚(1983—),男,教授,博士,主要从事寒旱区作物栽培生理生态研究工作。
  • 作者简介:程志鹏(1995—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为寒旱区玉米栽培生理生态。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500902-4); 内蒙古自治区重点研发与成果转化项目(2022YFDZ0041)

Effects of tillage methods on Inner Mongolia dry farming regions soil moisture,temperature and maize yield

CHENG Zhipeng1, ZHANG Chengze1, WANG Fugui1, WANG Zhen1, ZHANG Yuezhong2, YAN Liwei3, LIANG Hongwei1, YANG Zhihong1, GAO Julin1, WANG Zhigang1   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China;
    2. Hinggan League Jalaid Banner Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Science and Technology Bureau,Jalaid Banner 137400,China;
    3. Chifeng City Agricultural Technology Service Center,Chifeng 024000,China
  • Received:2023-02-27 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-07-05

摘要: 【目的】探究不同耕作方式对土壤水热动态及玉米干物质积累和产量的影响,为内蒙古旱作区玉米生产提供理论支撑。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,设置常规垄作(CP)、秸秆离田免耕(NT)、秸秆覆盖免耕(RNT)、秸秆覆盖条耕(RST)4个处理,于2021—2022年玉米各生育时期监测土壤温度、土壤含水量,测定各生育时期玉米干物质积累量,收获时测定产量。【结果】与CP相比,NT、RNT、RST降低了玉米各生育时期土壤平均温度及0~5 cm土壤活动积温,其中,NT、RNT 0~5 cm土壤活动积温2年平均分别显著降低69.81、127.52 ℃(P<0.05),而RST仅降低18.94 ℃,差异不显著(P>0.05);RNT、RST显著提高了玉米生育期内土壤贮水量(P<0.05),较CP、NT平均分别提高107.75、74.14 mm和71.50、37.89 mm。玉米出苗率RST较NT、CP、RNT平均分别提高1.58%、9.28%和9.11%;玉米成熟期干物质积累量及产量2年均表现为RST>NT>CP>RNT,其中,RST较CP、NT、RNT干物质积累量分别提高11.68%、4.47%和12.69%,产量分别提高6.06%、4.22%和7.21%,水分利用效率(WUE)分别提高7.63%、5.61%和6.52%。【结论】秸秆覆盖条耕具有较好的增温保墒效果,显著提高了玉米干物质积累量及产量,是实现内蒙古旱作区玉米增产增效的耕作方式之一。

关键词: 内蒙古, 旱作区, 秸秆覆盖条耕, 土壤水热, 玉米, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】Investigate the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture,heat dynamics as well as maize dry matter accumulation and yield,to provide theoretical support for maize production in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.【Methods】Using random block design,four tillage methods were set up,including conventional ridge cropping(CP),straw off-field no-tillage(NT),straw mulching no-tillage(RNT),and straw mulching strip tillage(RST). Throughout the maize growth stages in 2021—2022,the soil temperature,soil moisture content and maize dry matter accumulation were monitored and measured. Yield was determined at harvest.【Results】Compared with CP,NT,RNT and RST reduced the average soil temperature and 0-5 cm soil active accumulated temperature in the maize growth stages. The 0-5 cm average soil active accumulated temperature of NT and RNT significantly decreased by 69.81 and 127.52 ℃(P<0.05),respectively in the two years,while RST only decreased by 18.94 ℃ with no significant difference(P>0.05). RNT and RST significantly increased soil water content during the maize growth period,with RNT increasing 107.75 and 74.14 mm and RST increasing 71.50 and 37.89 mm compared to CP and NT,respectively. RST increased maize emergence by an average of 1.58%,9.28% and 9.11% compared to NT,CP and RNT respectively. Both dry matter accumulation and yield at maize maturity stage were RST>NT>CP>RNT in the two years. In comparison to CP,NT and RNT,the dry matter accumulation in RST increasing by 11.68%,4.47% and 12.69%,yield increased by 6.06%,4.22% and 7.21%,and water use efficiency(WUE) increased by 7.63%,5.61% and 6.52%,respectively.【Conclusion】Straw mulching strip tillage had better effect in temperature increasing and soil moisture preserving,significantly increased maize dry matter accumulation and yield,was one of the tillage methods to increase maize yield and efficiency in dry farming regions of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Inner Mongolia, Dry farming regions, Straw mulching strip tillage, Soil moisture and temperature, Maize, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S513