呼兰河鱼类群落纵向梯度格局

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.05.11

北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 108-116.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.05.11

呼兰河鱼类群落纵向梯度格局

熊书涵^1,2,3,4, 李培伦^1,2,3, 刘嘉成^1,2,3, 王继隆^1,2,3

1.大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连 116023;
2.中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨 150070;
3.农业农村部黑龙江流域渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨 150070;
4.国家农业科学渔业资源环境抚远观测实验站,黑龙江抚远 156500

收稿日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
通讯作者: 王继隆（1984—）,男,副研究员,硕士,主要从事鱼类多样性及生态学方面的研究工作。
作者简介:熊书涵（2001—）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为鱼类生态学。
基金资助:
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（2023TD07）; 东北重点水域渔业资源与环境常态化监测; Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS（2023TD07）

Longitudinal gradient pattern of fish community in the Hulan River

XIONG Shuhan^1,2,3,4, LI Peilun^1,2,3, LIU Jiacheng^1,2,3, WANG Jilong^1,2,3

1. College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;
2. Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;
3. Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,China;
4. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Fishery Resources and Environment,Fuyuan,Fuyuan 156500,China

Received:2025-03-31 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2026-01-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究呼兰河鱼类群落构建机制,明确其纵向梯度格局,为鱼类多样性保护提供依据。【方法】从呼兰河源头到河口纵向梯度设置31个采样点对鱼类进行采样,采用双因素交叉相似性分析检验不同河段对鱼类群落结构的影响、相似性百分比分析确定维持不同河段鱼类群落结构相似性的关键物种、冗余分析检验鱼类分类群与距河口距离之间的关系。【结果】共调查到鱼类4 128尾,隶属7目12科30属37种。呼兰河上游、中游、下游鱼类群落结构具有显著的空间变化（Global R=0.69,P<0.05）。鱼类群落的演替从上游至中游表现为北鳅和克氏杜父鱼丢失,犬首鮈、大鳍鱊、棒花鱼、高体鳑鲏、北方花鳅、麦穗鱼和细体鮈获得;中游至下游表现为犬首鮈、洛氏鱥、北方条鳅和北方花鳅丢失, 、鲫、北方泥鳅、大鳞副泥鳅、马口鱼和花魚骨获得。冗余分析检查结果显示,洛氏鱥、北方条鳅、克氏杜父鱼、北鳅、江鳕、花羔红点鲑、中华多刺鱼、中华鳑鲏与距河口的距离呈正相关关系, 、大鳍鱊、麦穗鱼、鲇、棒花鱼、鲫、花魚骨、波氏吻鰕虎、黑龙江泥鳅与距河口的距离呈负相关关系。【结论】呼兰河鱼类群落纵向梯度格局下的演替呈现冷水性鱼类的丢失和广布种的获得,呈周转格局。

关键词: 呼兰河, 鱼类, 纵向梯度格局, 群落结构, 周转格局

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the assembly mechanisms of fish community in the Hulan River and clarify their longitudinal gradient pattern,providing a basis for fish diversity conservation.【Methods】 Thirty-one sampling sites were set along the longitudinal gradient from the source to the estuary of the Hulan River for fish sampling. A two-way crossed ANOSIM was used to test the effect of different river sections on fish community structure. Similarity percentages was used to identify the key species maintaining the similarity of fish community structure in different river sections. Redundancy analysis was used to examine the relationship between fish taxa and the distance from the estuary.【Results】 A total of 4 128 fish individuals were surveyed,belonging to 37 species,30 genera,12 families,and 7 orders. The fish community structure showed significant spatial variation across the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Hulan River（Global R=0.69,P<0.05）. The succession of the fish community from the upper to the middle reaches was characterized by the loss of Lefua costata and Cottus czerskii,and the gain of Gobio cynocephalus,Acheilognathus macropterus,Abbottina rivularis,Rhodeus ocellatus,Cobitis granoci,Pseudorasbora parva and Gobio tenuicorpus. The succession from the middle to the lower reaches was characterized by the loss of G. cynocephalus,Phoxinus lagowskii,Barbatula nuda and C. granoci,and the gain of Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius auratus,Misgurnus bipartitus,Paramisgurnus dabryanus,Opsariichthys bidens and Hemibarbus maculatus. Redundancy analysis examine results showed a positive correlation between the distance from the estuary and P. lagowskii,B. nuda,C. czerskii,L. costata,Lota lota,Salvelinus malma,Pungitius sinensis and Rhodeus sinensis. Conversely,H. leucisculus,A. macropterus,P. parva,Silurus asotus,A. rivularis,C. auratus,H. maculatus,Rhinogobius cliffordpopei and Misgurnus mohoity showed a negative correlation with the distance from the estuary.【Conclusion】 The succession of the fish community along the longitudinal gradient of the Hulan River exhibits a pattern of loss of cold-water fish and gain of widely distributed species,indicating a turnover pattern.

Key words: Hulan River, Fish, Longitudinal gradient pattern, Community structure, Turnover pattern

中图分类号:

Q958.8

熊书涵, 李培伦, 刘嘉成, 王继隆. 呼兰河鱼类群落纵向梯度格局[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(5): 108-116.

XIONG Shuhan, LI Peilun, LIU Jiacheng, WANG Jilong. Longitudinal gradient pattern of fish community in the Hulan River[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(5): 108-116.

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呼兰河鱼类群落纵向梯度格局

Longitudinal gradient pattern of fish community in the Hulan River

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