In order to reveal the diversity of tartary buckwheat germplasm and find the excellent breed of buckwheat resources in Northern Shanxi province,the main characteristics of the 50 introduced tartary buckwheat genetic resources were analyzed in this study.Based on the field identification,the results showed that the yield of ZNQ109,ZNQ112,ZNQ116,and ZNQ139 were more than 3 000.0 kg/hm²,and the ZNQ139 had the highest yield （3 297.2 kg/hm²）.The short-stalked variety ZNQ105 and the big-kernel variety ZNQ148 were found.The results of the cluster analysis indicated that all of the accessions could be classified into 3 clusters at the level of GD 9.5.The result is of benefit to selecting excellent tartary buckwheat resources and improving the production of tartary buckwheat.

The effects of the extraction of methanol phase,ethyl acetate phase,ethyl ether phase,petroleum ether phase and water phase of water-soaked peels of Pugionium cornutum （L.） Gaertn on the germination rates and growth of cabbage were investigated through the bioassay method,and the chemical compositions of the extracts were isolated and identified by GC-MS.The results showed that Pugionium cornutum （L.） Gaertn peels extracts inhibited cabbage seed germination and seedling growth,with the inhibitory effect in proportion to the extract concentration.Allelopathy comprehensive effects of the organic phases with different concentrations were between -0.01 and -0.49.At the same concentration,the inhibitory effects of the extracts of Pugionium cornutum （L.） Gaertn peels on the seed germination and seedling growth were：ethyl ether phase > ethyl acetate phase > methanol > water phase > petroleum ether phase,indicating that ethyl ether phase was the superior phase.Main organic compounds were identified in organic extracts from peels of Pugionium cornutum （L.） Gaertn,including phenolic aciods,organic acidr,alcohol,arenes,of which 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1H-Indene and 15-Crown-5 were the common material of all organic phase.Phthalic acid and 15-crown ether-5 were the common substances of each phase.The extracts of each isolated phase with > 0.75 g/mL concentration had strong inhibitory effects on the germination of cabbage seeds,the seedling height,and root length.

To reveal the physiological mechanism of Zn efficient oats.The growth and Zn accumulation of four oats varieties under different levels of Zn with were studied in solution culture.The result indicated that the Zn efficient oats varieties can be selected when Zn level was 10^-8 mol/L at seedling stage.Four Zn levels （0,10^-9,10^-8,10^-7 mol/L） have obvious effect on the growth of shoot,and no significant effect on root.The Zn efficiency coefficient in seedling stage of four oats varieties under low zinc culture was Yanke No.1>Baiyan No.7>Caoyou No.1>Jia 7.Yanke No.1 is Zn efficient oat variety.Jia 7 is Zn low-efficiency oat variety.Baiyan No.7 and Caoyou No.1 are middle sensitivity varieties.The Zn accumulation in roots,shoots and whole plants of Zn efficient oat variety Yanke No.1 had no significant difference between normal Zn supply and low Zn stress.The root-shoot ratio of Zn-efficient oat variety Yanke No.1 under low Zn stress is significantly less than other three oat varieties,but Zn transfer factor is opposite.It indicated that the Zn efficient oat variety is more adaptable to the low Zn stress.

To investigate the effect of earthworm peptide on Arabidopsis growth,nine earthworm peptides were tested.The results showed that Lumbricin-PG-27,AVPF,VQ-5,F-1,and especially LumA5 had a significant enhancing effect on Arabidopsis growth.An increased[Ca²⁺]_cyt was found in Arabidopsis seedlings treated with LumA5.The results also showed that the Alloxan,GdCl₃,and Neomycin can inhibit the increase of [Ca²⁺]_cyt treated with LumA5.This study provides scientific evidence for the application of earthworm peptides in agricultural production.

Genome editing technologies are powerful tools for studying plant gene function and crop improvement.In this review,the mechanism and difference between CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 editing technology and their research progress in plants are reviewed,and the application prospect of genome editing technology in crop molecular breeding are revealed in order to provide a theoretical basis for genome editing technology in crop breeding.

To study the effect of different tillage methods on the enzyme activity of the soil in the rape field,and to provide the theoretical basis for the selection and application of the rational cultivation method in Northern agro-pastoral ecotone,the study analyzed the no-tillage straw returning to the field （NT）,the rotary tillage straw returning to the field （RT）,the conventional plowing straw not in the field （T）,traditional ploughing straw returning field （TS）,and deep pine straw returning field （DT）.The effects of different tillage methods on the activity of the soil in different soil layers of the rape field before and after sowing were studied.The results showed that the different tillage methods have similar effect on the change of the activity of the soil profile.The activity of the surface soil enzyme is higher than that of the deep soil enzyme.There are some differences in the changing trend of the enzyme activity under different treatments.The activities of sucrase and urease were the highest in no-ploughing straw returning treatment,and the catalase activity was the highest in rotary ploughing straw returning treatment.There was no significant difference in the effect of different farming methods on soil alkaline phosphatase activity in 0-20 cm soil layer.The average soil catalase and sucrase activities in 0-60 cm soil layer were as follows：pre-sowing > post-harvest,while alkaline phosphatase activity was pre-sowing < post-harvest.Except for T treatment,TS treatment showed pre-sowing < and post-harvest,and the other three treatments showed pre-sowing > post-harvest.

To investigate the relationship between soil microbes and straw mulching,this study used Illumina Hiseq^TM 2500 high-throughput sequencing technology to determine the sequences of bacterial 16S rRNA V3+V4 and fungal ITS1 region and analyzed the soil microbial bacteria of five different coverage methods in four key growth stages.The results showed that the different mulching of corn stalks had no significant effect on the structure and diversity of bacteria.The treatments showed a trend of an initial decrease,followed by an increase and a decrease in the end;the effect on fungi was significant.Among them,the straw cover of unordered coverage （WX）,whole stalk coverage （ZG） and mulch film coverage （DM） showed a trend of an initial increase first and a following decrease with the growth period.Grinding rotary tillage （FS） showed a trend of initial decreasing,then rising and decreasing at last.The performance of burning stalk （SG） declined slowly.Compared with non-mulching tillage methods,corn straw mulching changes the type and structure of microorganisms in the soil,improves the soil quality,and continues to provide nutrients during the plant growth.

The effects of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on crop yield,potassium accumulation,utilization rate and aftereffect of potassium fertilizer in potato-wheat rotation system were studied,which could provide a theoretical basis for potassium management under the mode of organic fertilizer replacement fertilizer application.In this study,the field experiments of different levels of organic fertilizer substitution treatment in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain were carried out to study the response of yield effect,potassium absorption and potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency to different organic fertilizer substitution treatments in potato-wheat rotation system.The results showed that potato tuber yield and wheat grain yield increased at first and then decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer substitution.The yield of organic fertilizer replacement treatment 2 （T2） was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of pure chemical fertilizer treatment （T0）.The accumulation of potassium in organic fertilizer substitution treatment 2 （T2） was significantly higher than that in pure chemical fertilizer treatment （T0） and other organic fertilizer substitution treatments in potato and wheat planting season,which indicated that proper amount of organic fertilizer substitution had the effect of increasing the yield and potassium accumulation.In potato planting season,the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was 7.2%-38.2%;the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer was 28.7%-297.9%;the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was 26.2%-50.9%,and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer was 4.0%-26.7% in wheat planting season.In potato-wheat rotation system,the proportion of organic fertilizer potassium instead of fertilizer potassium should not exceed 60%.When the ratio of organic fertilizer potassium to fertilizer potassium was 30%-60%,the effect of wheat yield increase was optimal.

In view of the actual problem in the loess plateau region of Inner Mongolia such as unreasonable straw resource utilization and low utilization ratio,straw returning directly plot test in Qingshuihe was carried out.Under the probe into 0,3 000,6 000,12 000 kg/hm² returning the amount of soil organic matter,the total amount of nutrients,the available nutrient and the yield change rule were studied,to clear straw returned to the effect of maize farmland soil nutrient and crop yield.The results showed that different straw mulching quantities had significant effects on soil nutrients.The straw mulching increased the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium,and slowed down the consumption of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium.The biological yield and grain yield of 3 000,6 000,12 000 kg/hm² were increased by 9.3%,13.1%,10.1% and 8.5%,11.4%,9.3%,respectively,compared with control.In conclusion,straw mulching can enrich soil and improve crop yield,and 6 000 kg/hm² has the best effect,which can be used as a cultivation mode to improve the quality and efficiency in the loess plateau of Inner Mongolia.

This study analyzed the changes of dry matter accumulation in different organs of maize under field conditions,using 4 treatments of N1 （0）,N2 （90 kg/hm²）,N3 （120 kg/hm²）,and N4 （150 kg/hm²）.The results showed that dry matter accumulation of leaves increased proportionally with the nitrogen fertilizer application from the grouting stage to the maturation stage,and there was a significant difference between N4 and control.Compared with to the control group,increasing the nitrogen application rate improved the stem matter quality,of which N3 and N4 were significantly higher than control.In the filling stage,N3 significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of bract and female ear,and both N3 and N4 significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of bract and female ear at the booting stage and the maturation stage.The total dry matter accumulation of N4 was significantly higher than control,N2 and N3.The comprehensive analysis showed that N4 had the best effect on increasing the dry matter accumulation of maize.

Biochar fertilizer is a stable carbon-rich solid product formed by thermal cracking of biomass under anoxic conditions.To explore the application of biomass charcoal fertilizer in agriculture,the 10 Maize breeds （Huake 425,Dedan 1001,Xianyu 335,Dafeng 30,Zhongkeyu 505,Bixiang 809,Heyu 185,Hudan 9,Xianyu 696 and Jinzhengtai 622） and the 5 rice breeds （Longyang 16,Xinhu 122,Daohuaxiang 2,Rice 209 and Qing 20-4） were evaluated for the effect of biochar fertilizer through field experiments.The results showed that the yield of 8 maize breeds was increased significantly by 10.02%-24.32% after the application of biochar fertilizer,including Huake 425,Dedan 1001,Xianyu 335,Dafeng30,Zhongkeyu 505,Bixiang 809,Heyu 185 and Hudan 9.Among the 5 rice breeds,only the production of Longyang 16 and Xinhu 122 were improved significantly,by 13.00% and 11.54%,respectively,and only 1 000-grain weight of Xinhu 122 was increased significantly.These results indicated that the effect of biochar fertilizer was different among the breeds of crops.

In order to solve the production problems of low water use efficiency and unstable yield of potato,different drip irrigation treatments were carried out before potato seedlings,to monitor the accumulation of plant matter,the change of leaf area index,the water use and yield formation under the plastic film mulching and the non-plastic film mulching drip irrigation.The results were as follows：（1） the dry matter accumulation and the leaf area index of ridging and plastic film mulching treatment were significantly higher than those of ridging and non-plastic film mulching treatment;the dry matter accumulation was the highest under WF4 and W4 （225 m³/hm²） treatments,which were 162.0%-169.5% and 59.9%-77.4% higher than control,respectively.The leaf area index of WF3（180 m³/hm²） and W3 was the highest,with 94.2% and 60.2% higher than control,respectively.（2） the flowering period of potato could be prolonged by increasing the amount of irrigation before seedling,and the flowering period of potato under 225 m³/hm² and 180 m³/hm² drip irrigation was 9-10 days longer than control.（3） the soil moisture content and the soil water storage of 0-40 cm were the highest in WF4 and W4,and the plastic film mulching treatments were higher than those without plastic film mulching;the highest potato yield and the water use efficiency were W3 and WF3,of which the yield was 13.8% and 27.8% higher than control,respectively,and the water use efficiency was 5.4% and 25.0% higher than control,respectively.The yield and the water use efficiency of WF3 were 16.1% and 27.4% higher than W3,respectively.Therefore,the adoption of the plastic film mulching planting method,and the proper drip irrigation before seedling can promote the potato yield and the water use efficiency.

Blackleg,caused by Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa,is the most severe disease of canola worldwide,which threatens the canola production,the seed quality,and even the canola international market.Historically,the disease destroyed the canola industry in Australia and Canada,but L. maculans has not been reported in China up to date.However,massive amount of canola seeds is annually imported from Australia,Canada,and Ukraine,etc.,where L. maculans is the major pathogen.Further more,many Chinese canola cultivars are highly susceptible to L. maculans.It raises concerns that L. maculans has a high invasion risk and could result in considerable damage to the Chinese canola industry,although strict quarantine measures are employed to prevent it from spreading into China.In this review,the following is discussed including pathogens of blackleg,epidemiology,damage and management strategies in Australia and Canada,which aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of L. maculans for canola growers in China with a view to establish a guideline of strategies to control the blackleg disease.

Daylily rust is a common and important disease in main producing areas of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni.This paper introduced the research progress on the distribution,morphological characteristics and development regularity,life history,mechanism of infection,prevention and control of Puccinia hemerocallidis,and the screening of rust-resistant resources of daylily rust at home and abroad,and analyzed the development trend of the research.

In order to solve the problem of the residual pollution of plastic film that has become the main non-point source pollutant in Hetao irrigation area,five kinds of degradable plastic films were tested in the field experiments in the main sunflower producing areas of Hetao irrigation area.The results showed that film mulching promoted the growth and yield formation of sunflower compared with non-film mulching with the yield increase ranging from 3.4% to 31.8%.The degradation characteristics of five biodegradable membranes and their effects on sunflower growth and yield formation were significantly different due to the different formulations （P<0.05）.The results of surface coverage test showed that the degradation rate of fast film and white film was the fastest,with the induction period of 56 days and 58 days,respectively,followed by middle film and black film,with the induction period of 68 days,and slow film was the slowest,with the induction period of 78 days.All degradable membranes except slow film were completely degraded during the whole growth period.Compared with the ordinary PE film,the degradable plastic film had no effect on the emergence rate and the leaf number of sunflowers.Slow film increased the plant height,while fast film and white film decreased the plant height,the stem diameter,and the flower disc diameter.There was no significant difference in the yield of slow film,middle film,and black film compared with the PE film （P<0.05）.The yield of fast film and white decreased significantly （P<0.05）.In summary,the middle film and black film matched well with the local climate conditions and the sunflower growth,which could not only obtain higher yield but completely degrade without residue.

To effectively control the pollution of the residual membrane and promote the application of degradable plastic mulch film in maize planting,different kinds of the mulched maize field,including the field degradation characteristics of different kinds of degradable plastic mulch film and their effects on the maize yield were studied.The results showed that,compared with bare land planting,the mulched maize planting could increase the ground temperature,and the maize yield was significantly increased when using mulching with films,but not with the ordinary PE film.The degradation effect of six kinds of biodegradable plastic mulch film was better than the PE film.In the exposure experiment,the degradation of the photooxidation-biodegradable plastic mulch films from three manufactures was faster than the full biodegradable plastic mulch films,with the degradation starting in 40 days after covering the film.In the field experiments of mulched maize,the six kinds of biodegradable plastic mulch films were in the stage of large area cracking period when the experiment of maize mulching culture was carried out till the harvest time.In the landfill experiment,the total biodegradable plastic mulch film from 3 manufacturers showed an accelerated degradation when they were buried for 180 days,but the photooxidation-biodegradable plastic mulch film from 3 manufacturers did not degrade in the process.Therefore,it is feasible to replace the PE film with the biodegradable mulch film in the planting of mulched maize of harqin county.

The objective of this study was to characterize the soil organic carbon content and its spatial distribution of 14 dominant plant communities in typical desert area and extremely dry desert area in western desert of Alagxa League of Inner Mongolia.The significance analysis results demonstrated that in the aspect of horizontal distribution,the soil organic carbon content among the varied plant communities were categorized into the followingⅠ-Ⅳ levels: the communities of Tamarix chinensis and Sympema regelii were determined as levelⅠwith average organic carbon content of 3.62 g/kg; the communities of Kalidium foliatum,Artemisia xanthochroa and Brachanthemum pulvinatum were included in level Ⅱ with average organic carbon content of 2.38 g/kg; the communities of Salsola passerine and Potaninia mongolica were classified in level Ⅲ with average organic carbon content of 1.66 g/kg; the communities of Artemisia sphaerocephala,Nitraria sphaerocarpa,Haloxylon ammodendron,Reaumuria soongorica,Nitraria tangutorum,Ephedra przewalskii and Convolvulus tragacanthoide were sorted in level Ⅳ with average organic carbon content of 1.00 g/kg.Furthermore,in the aspect of vertical distribution,there was a curve or linear correlation between soil organic carbon content and soil depth,and the soil organic carbon content were all decreased with the increase of soil depth among the observed plant communities.

Rhizosphere microorganisms refer to the microorganisms closely attached to rhizosphere soil particles.Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in promoting crop growth and disease control.In this paper,the researches on rhizosphere microorganisms of crops at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed.The effects of crops on rhizosphere microorganisms,rhizosphere microorganisms on crops and agricultural measures on rhizosphere microorganisms of crops were discussed in order to provide reference for future researches on rhizosphere microorganisms of crops.

Plant roots,soil and soil microorganism constitute a dynamic and stable ecosystem.They interact and restrict each other.Plant roots enrich preferential microorganisms through exudates,which in turn plays an important role in the process of plant growth and development,such as the improvement of soil ecological environment,nutrient uptake and disease resistance of host plants.This paper reviews the role of soil microorganisms in plant growth and development and the application prospect of soil microbial products in plant growth.

In this experiment,“CM966” tomato was used as the experimental material to study the activity of the reactive oxygen scavenging system and ion distribution characteristics of tomato seedlings under NaCl stress.The results showed that increasing NaCl concentration increased the activities of CAT,SOD and POD in tomato leaves.With increasing time of NaCl treatment,MDA and Pro contents showed upward trends,which indicated that the ROS in tomato leaves could not be completely removed by the protective enzyme system,and there was still a large amount of residue.With the increase of NaCl concentration,the contents of K⁺ in CM966 roots and stems showed significant downward trends. On the contrary,the content of K⁺ in the leaves showed an upward trend,while the contents of Na⁺ in the leaves and stems of CM966 showed upward trends.When the NaCl concentration was no higher than 100 mmol/L,the Na⁺ content in CM966 roots showed an upward trend,and a downward trend when the concentration was higher than 150 mmol/L.With the increase of NaCl treatment concentration,K⁺/Na⁺ of tomato seedlings showed a decreasing trend.

In order to select spring sowing carrot varieties suitable for planting in Inner Mongolia,the main agronomic,economic,and yield traits of 15 imported carrot varieties were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the average yield of SN crown was 92 375 kg/hm²;the commodity rate was 72.3%;the root length was 20.0 cm;the root thickness was 5.1 cm;the single root weight was 264 g;the moss extraction rate was 2.9%.The average yield of Zhongzhong 989 was 83 566 kg/hm²;the root length was 19.6 cm;the root thickness was 5.1 cm;the single root weight was 264 g;the bolting rate was 2.4%.These two varieties showed outstanding comprehensive traits and could be popularized in Inner Mongolia.

Based on the investigation of plant allocation in Riverside Park of Guiyang,this study analyzed its existing situation,the landscape effect,and the existing problems of plants.An optimal design was proposed to provide some references for plant selection,planting design and garden plant disposition in the public green space of Guiyang in the future.

The study was carried out in the central core landscape area of Liberation Park in Wuhan using the routine sampling method of an ecological community.The typical plant community structure,the plant species diversity and the plant resources in the central part of the park were studied.It provided the background information and the reference basis for the plant allocation in the parks in the future.The results showed that there were 67 species of plants belonging to 67 genera and 48 families in 5 plots.The richness of the arbor layer was highest in Z2 plot.The shrub layer was lowest in general,and the herb layer was more uniform in 5 plots.The Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou index all showed that herb layer>arbor layer>shrub layer.It included 14 nectar plants,47 medicinal plants,12 oil plants,13 timber plants,6 fibrous plants,and 62 ornamental plants.