This study aims to clarify the main agronomic characters and yield differences of new space mutation wheat breeding lines,and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the breeding of new space mutation wheat breeding lines and the selection of main wheat varieties for the Hulunbeir area.In this study,we analyzed the main agronomic characters and yield differences of 11 space-induced wheat varieties and 1 wheat variety without space mutation and the results showed that the growth periods of each of the 12 lines were between 78 and 85 days.The genetic diversity index and coefficient of variation of each character were quite different,among which the diversity index and coefficient of variation of invalid spikelet numbers were the largest with values of 0.50 and 18.52%,respectively.The genetic diversity index of grain number was the smallest with a value of 0.43,and the smallest coefficient of variation was for the bulk density,which was 1.56%.The twelve wheat varieties （lines） were divided into three groups by cluster analysis.Based on the analysis of growth period,grain number per ear,1 000-grain weight and yield of the different wheat lines,it was concluded that strain T2588-26-14-4 was suitable for promotion and planting in the Hulunbeier area,so it should be prepared for variety examination and approval.

Using some spring wheat varieties from Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,and Gansu as experimental materials,we study the agronomic traits,grain yield,yield components and grain quality characteristics of different spring wheat varieties under the rain-fed conditions in the north foot of Yinshan mountain.The results showed that in terms of grain yield,the yield of L1553 and TKGLN varieties were the highest.On further analysis,the contribution rate of spike number per acre was the largest at 1.030,followed by the number of grains per spike with a contribution rate of 0.440,and the smallest was 1000-grain weight with a contribution rate of 0.360.From the characteristics of grain quality,the grain protein content and wet gluten content of varieties NM2 and NM4 were significantly higher than those of other cultivars.The correlation analysis showed that the grain yield was significantly negatively correlated with protein content and wet gluten content.To sum up,under the rain-fed conditions in the north foot of Yinshan mountain,there is a high yield potential in the varieties of L1553 and TKGLN,while the NM2 and NM4 varieties have stable and strong gluten quality.The area of high yield and strong gluten wheat breeding and cultivation measures should be paid more attention to in the coordination of relations between yield and quality traits,such as protein content and wet gluten content.More attention should also be paid to improving both the number of panicles and the 1000-grain weight at the same time,in order to give full play to the production and quality characteristics of spring wheat varieties.

We introduced nine new varieties of “Hua shu” series potato in Zhanjiang,and the “Yang ren yang” was used as control.The phenological period and plant morphology were observed;the field and tuber traits were evaluated;and the yields of the nine cultivars was determined.The results showed that all nine varieties were Middle-early maturing varieties,and the comprehensive performance of “Hua shu No.1” and “Hua shu No.2” were excellent,with strong growth potential and high yield.The combined yields were 38 019 kg/hm² and 34 850.7 kg/hm²,respectively,which were 21.93% and 11.76% higher than the control.Hence,“Hua shu No.1” and “Hua shu No.2”can be extended in Zhanjiang.“RJB” is a purple skin and purple meat variety with good comprehensive performance.It can be extended also as a color potato variety in Zhanjiang.Other varieties need to be further tested to determine whether they are worth popularizing.

In this experiment,40 maize inbred lines were used as materials.Drought stress treatment was set up during the silking period,their morphological and physiological indexes were measured,and seed tests and yield measurements were carried out after harvest.The results showed that ASI,100-seed weight and ear height were the secondary traits to evaluate drought resistance of the maize inbred lines.The drought resistance and yield potential of the 40 maize inbred lines can be classified into three types by comprehensively using both the drought resistance index membership value and yield drought resistance index membership value.Eleven maize inbred lines with high yield and drought resistance were numbered 2,7,8,11,22,25,27,29,30,35,39.Eight maize inbred lines with moderate drought resistance were numbered 4,5,13,15,17,20,21,31.Two maize inbred lines with low yield and no drought resistance were numbered 33 and 36.

The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for future sunflower breeding objectives.By planting oil and edible sunflower under different density conditions,the current breeding direction of sunflower was discussed according to the field agronomic traits,yield traits and characteristics of different varieties.Through density testing,it was concluded that sunflower variety breeding not only requires high quality,high yield and good resistance,but it also selects varieties with high quality,high yield,compact plants,small leaves,good ventilation and light transmittance in the field,lodging resistance,dense planting resistance and suitability for mechanized operation.Oil sunflower requires high oil content and high oleic acid content in seeds.Edible sunflower requires good commercial properties of the seeds but the edible sunflower seeds are not easy to peel after mechanical harvesting,and the commercial properties remain unchanged.The discussion on the future breeding objectives of sunflower is helpful for the renewal of sunflower varieties,so as to promote sunflower production and better serve the development of the sunflower industry.

To evaluate the adaptability of silage corn planting in eastern Inner Mongolia,Xianyu 335 was taken as a control variety,and 10 silage corn varieties were tested in Arun Banner.The results showed that the fresh yields of Danyu 402,Beinong Silage 3740,Jingke silage 301 and Dongyu 120 were all higher than that of the control.However,Danyu 402 and Dongyu 120 did not form a milk line when harvested,and they were prone to lodging.Jingke Silage 301 was 291.8 centimeters high and had a high empty rod rate which exceeded 10%,so it was not suitable for this region.Beinong Silage 3740 has good performance in terms of growth period,yield,resistance and agronomic traits,so it can be promoted preferentially.

By using a quadratic orthogonal regression rotary combination design,the relationship between yield and density,andnitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer consumption by maize in Hetao irrigation area planted by technology of double plants in one hole,were studied in 2017 and 2018.Mathematical models between yield and various factors were established.After optimization and selection of models for the two years,the technical indexes for maize planted by double plants in one hole in Hetao irrigation area were obtained.The indexes for yield ≥16 500 kg/hm² showed that density is 96 675-97 920 plants/hm²;while N dosage is 420.75-431.55 kg/hm²;and P₂O₅ dosage is 288.30-299.70 kg/hm².

In order to improve the yield and standardized production of Scutellaria baicalensis,the effects of different fertilization levels and densities on root morphological indexes and the dry and fresh weights of Scutellaria baicalensis seedlings cultured in greenhouse were studied.The underground parts of Scutellaria baicalensis were collected at 45,70,95,120 and 145 days after emergence.The length,surface area,volume,diameter and dry and fresh weight of the main roots were measured.Suitable amounts of fertilizer can promote root growth and speed up the growth of Scutellaria baicalensis.Under the experimental conditions,the morphological indexes of the medicinal parts of Scutellaria baicalensis under the F2 （330.00 kg/hm² phosphate+64.65 kg/hm² urea） treatment were better than those of other treatments,and the growth rate was faster than with the other treatments.The increase of density affected the root growth of Scutellaria baicalensis.

Conservation tillage technology has developed in Inner Mongolia in the recent 20 years,and it has achieved remarkable ecological,social and economic benefits.Taking conservation tillage technology in Inner Mongolia as an example,this paper introduces ecological environment characteristics,the research and application of conservation tillage,key technologies and effects of popularization and application.Several conservation tillage techniques modes,such as hill-drop sowing crops,drill crops,tuber crops and grassland improvement,are summarized.Some prominent problems,such as an insufficient combination of conservation tillage and agricultural regionalization,lagging of agronomic technology innovation,low specificity and reliability of machinery and equipment,and the serious occurrence and harm from weeds,are expounded.This paper analyzes the development orientation,development trend,connotated definition,equipment selection and long-term mechanism establishment of conservation tillage in intercropping areas,and puts forward some suggestions for future development.

In order to identify the grazing resistance related genes of Medicago falcata,the Mfβ-Hex1 gene was cloned by PCR,and the bioinformatics of the genes was analyzed by software.The results show that the β-aminohexanidase （Mfβ-Hex1） gene obtained from Medicago falcata was 786 bp,contains an open reading frame of 675 bp,and encodes 224 amino acids,mainly composed of glutamate,valine,leucine,etc.It has high homology with the Mfβ-Hex1 gene in Medicago truncatula and chickpea.Evolutionary information show that Medicago falcata is clustered with Medicago truncatula in the same group.The Mfβ-Hex1 gene belongs to the GH20 family.It doesn′t have a transmembrane region and its secondary structure is mainly α -helix.Its subcellular localization is in the cytoplasm.This study lays a foundation for further research on the function of the Mfβ-Hex1 gene.

This experiment studied the effects of applying bio-fertilizer on the physiological characteristics and yield of oats planted in different types of soil.By conducting the test in the greenhouse,four treatments were designed：R （loam）,RM （loam+bio-fertilizer）,Y（saline-alkali soil） and YM（saline-alkali soil+bio-fertilizer）.The results showed that the SPAD value,A,Gs,E and WUE of oat blades are increased after applying the bio-fertilizer in loam and saline-alkali soil,At the same time,the Ci of oat blades is decreased.After the application of bio-fertilizer,the stress resistance of oats was enhanced,which showed that the contents of MDA,SOD and Pro are all decreased,and this effect was most obvious at the heading stage.With the application of bio-fertilizer,the yield of oats decreased in loam soil,but the fresh-dry weight increased after using the bio-fertilizer in saline-alkali soil.

To explore the effects of selenium on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of purple potatoes,we performed this study using the ‘black beauty’ potato cultivar as the experimental material.Treatments included four foliar-spraying treatments of three ecological nano-selenium levels （50,100 and 200 times diluted solutions of 1 500 mg/kg original selenium） and one control group （spraying with the distilled water） under hydroponic cultivation.The results showed that the ecological nano-selenium with appropriate concentration could improve the biomass,root activities,chlorophyll contents,net photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,instantaneous water use efficiencies and stomatal conductances of purple potatoes,with the most notable improvements in the 100 times of diluted solution.These results indicated that foliar-spraying nano-selenium could significantly promote the photosynthesis and growth of purple potatoes,and thus improve their economic properties.This study provides theoretical bases for the selenium-rich cultivation of purple potatoes based on hydroponic technology.

In order to select a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation model for maize in Xing An League,four treatments were set up in Zhalaite Banner in 2017,including three subsoiling depths （30,40,50 cm） and shallow rotation （CK） treatments.The results show that：Deep loosening treatment has no obvious effect on the maize growth period. Soil moisture content of the deep loosening treatment was higher than that of control during the maize growth and development period. The soil moisture conservation effect of the deep loosening treatment was better and more obvious in years with more precipitation.The soil bulk density can be effectively reduced and soil permeability can be increased by the deep loosening treatment.Leaf area and dry matter of the deep loosening treatment were higher than that of traditional agriculture. The number of grains per panicle,panicle length,100-grain weight and yield in the deep loosening treatment were higher than those in shallow-spinning treatment,while the length of the bald tip was lower than that in shallow-spinning treatment.Among all treatments,the yield of 30 cm deep pine and 40 cm deep pine was significantly higher than that of the control （P<0.05）.According to the comprehensive analysis of various indexes in this experiment,the effect of 30 cm deep loosening treatment is the best,and its effect on increasing production is the most obvious.

Based on the field experiments,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield characters and fertilizer utilization efficiency of sunflower were analyzed in order to provide the scientific basis for optimal development of the sunflower economy.The main results are as follows：Economically optimal rates of N,P₂O₅,and K₂O should be 172.0 kg/hm²,82.4 kg/hm²,and 120.7 kg/hm²,respectively.Fertilization had little effect on disc grain weight and kernel rate of sunflower,while disc diameter and 100-grain weight of sunflower were the main factors affecting the yield of sunflower.The nutrient supply during bud stage is important to guarantee the nutrients needed for the development of the sunflower disk,while the nutrient supply during the grain filling period can ensure full seeds and increase grain weight of sunflower.Under the condition of optimal fertilization （N₂P₂K₂） under drip irrigation under the sacred mountain,NUE of N,P₂O₅,and K₂O was 37.7%,17.0%,and 38.0%,respectively.We found that 100 kg of sunflower seed absorbs N,P₂O₅,and K₂O in amounts of 4.91 kg,1.70 kg,and 8.38 kg,respectively.

The compound microbial fertilizer contains fast-acting NPK,microbes and organic matter,and it is expected to play a special role in alkaline soil planting of many crops.This article discusses the effect on the yield increase through alkaline soil planting of corn.The application of 1 500 kg/hm² compound microbial fertilizer significantly increased the emergence rate,the number of plants and the grain weight per spike compared with customary fertilization;especially notable was the increase of grain yield and aboveground biomass,which reached 67.37% and 29.66%.Compared with the control,the increase in grain yield and aboveground biomass reached 201.36% and 136.48% ,respectively.The application of 1 125 kg/hm² compound microbial fertilizer significantly increased the seedling emergence rate,seedling height,plant number,plant height and stem diameter,but had no effect on either grain yield or aboveground biomass.Compared with the control,grain yield and the increase in aboveground biomass reached 115.52% and 83.02%,respectively.In this experiment,the stimulatory effect of applying 1 500 kg/hm² compound microbial fertilizer was significantly better than that of local customary fertilization.

To explore the effects of humic acid on root growth and yield quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus under different densities,we set humic acid water soluble fertilizer under high,medium and low planting density treatments.The results showed that as the density increased,the relative content of chlorophyll in the leaves was reduced and the decreased range was increased,leaf water use efficiency,root diameter,root surface area and volume decreased,but the effective components of calycosin content increased.Humic acid treatment significantly increased the relative chlorophyll relative content,leaf water use efficiency,root surface area and volume,yield and effective components at high and medium densities.Compared with the control,the yields increased by 8.6% and 7.1%,respectively,and the contents of Calycosin increased by 0.016 and 0.013 percentage points respectively in the medium and high densities after humic acid treatment.

In the process of plant growth,drought is an important factor restricting growth,development and yield.Humic acid （HA） plays an important role in many biological processes related to plant defense responses and morphological development.In this review,the effects of humic acid on plant morphology,physiology,biochemistry and molecular mechanisms under drought stress are reviewed.The effects of humic acid on the growth and development of plant roots and above ground plant parts under drought stress,and its effects at the plant physiological level on photosynthesis,osmotic regulation,antioxidative metabolism,hormones and mineral nutrition are discussed.The existing problems in the research of humic acid are summarized and the prospects for the application of humic acid in plant drought resistance are examined.

In order to screen the fungicides for effective control of tomato Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici,the toxicity of six fungicides were tested using the mycelium growth rate inhibition methods.The six fungicides were 75% chlorothalonil WP,99% hymexazol WP,70% thiophanate-methyl WP,30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS,50% captan WP and 80% mancozeb WP.The results showed that thiophanate-methyl had the best toxicity with an EC₅₀ of 1.10 mg/L.Therefore,70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be used as an effective fungicide to control tomato Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

Effects of enriched concentrations of CO₂ on tomato morphological growth and photosynthesis were studied in this experiment with “Jiafen15” tomato as the research object,and the optimum concentration of CO₂ for tomato growth was determined to provide a theoretical basis for tomato cultivation in this area.The concentrations of CO₂ released in the experiment were atmospheric concentrations at 500-700,700-900,and 900-1000 mg/kg.The results showed that with the increase of CO₂ concentration,the plant height and stem diameter of tomato increased,but the contents of chlorophyll a and b,and the total chlorophyll decreased.These results suggest that the CO₂ concentration can increase the plant height and stem diameter of tomato,but the chlorophyll content in tomato leaves decreased with the increase of CO₂ concentration.The lowest CO₂ enrichment concentration which can best enhance the photosynthesis of tomato is at 900-1 000 mg/kg.

To restore and reconstruct sandy degraded meadow soil vegetation, the degraded sandy meadow soil in Horqin sandy land was taken as the research object.The remains of buried ancient soil,with original physical and chemical properties,were selected as the original control （CK1）,and the sealed sample plot without planted vegetation was taken as the status control （CK2）.Other treatments included a sample plot of oats （Y）,an annual alfalfa sample plot （M1）,and a two-year alfalfa planting sample plot （M2）.The main nutrient contents and salinity indexes in the different soils were determined and analyzed.The results show that in comparing CK2 to CK1,the organic matter,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available P,and available K are all decreased in each layer,and the layer of 0-20 cm decreased significantly （P<0.05）.However,the pH value,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,（Na⁺,K⁺）,HCO₃^-,SO₄^2- content,and total salt content all increased,and in the layer of 0~20 cm they increased significantly （P<0.05）. These changes indicate soil degradation.By planting alfalfa,oats,we compared Y,M1,and M2 with CK1.The organic matter,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available P,and available K increased in each layer,and in the 0-20 cm layer they increased significantly （P<0.05）.However,the pH value,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,（Na⁺,K⁺）,HCO₃^-,SO₄^2- content,and total salt content all decreased,and in the 0~20 cm layer they increased significantly （P<0.05）.These results indicated that oats （Baylor No.2） and alfalfa （Kang Sai+knight T） have good environmental adaptability,and forage grass varieties （Baylor No.2 and Kang sai+Cavalier T） can play a role in sand control and sand fixation under an environment of desertification and salinization,and they also have a good effect on soil nutrient characters.This study provides a scientific basis for promoting and cultivating forage for soil degradation areas.

The pastoral complex has received increasing attention and has become a research hotspot in the past two years.The land in the suburbs of China′s megacities is increasingly scarce.In order to use the scarce land resources in the suburbs of megacities to establish an pastoral complex,the concept of the pastoral complex,the main construction content,characteristics and functions are firstly discussed in this article.Then taking Beijing Daxing as an example,we put forward the idea of the construction of the pastoral complex in the suburbs of the megacity should be free from the traditional agricultural development road.Instead,it should be based on the demand of leisure and holiday tourism of urban residents,as this is the main demand driving consumption for the local pastoral complex.At the same time,it is also necessary to build a high-end scientific agriculture,with high integration of agricultural and technological innovation based on the pastoral complex.

In order to promote the healthy development of buckwheat industry in chifeng city, 36 representative households in the city from 2013 to 2018 were tracked and investigated. The results showed that buckwheat farmers in chifeng mainly planted in small areas, and farmers within 1 hm² accounted for 77.38% of the total survey households. Cultivars was Single; buckwheat average yield was 1 297.5 kg/hm²;input and output ratio was 1∶2.26.Through analysis of the area, varieties, yield, price and production inputs, the existing problems were summarized in the development of chifeng city buckwheat industry. The planting layout of peasant households was random;the scale was not stable;the variety degradation was serious;the yield was not stable;the economic benefit of buckwheat was low;the planting enthusiasm was not high; the deep processing of buckwheat lagged behind;processing enterprises were the lack to drive.Therefore, it puts forward some industrial development countermeasures, such as establishing improved seed breeding base, strengthening new variety selection and breeding, accelerating the promotion of improved seed, intensifying the promotion of science and technology, establishing standardized production base, promoting the deep processing and development, increasing the economic added value of buckwheat products, increasing the policy support and capital investment and building chifeng brand.

Based on the service-oriented system architecture method and IRP,and using cloud computing,big data,mobile interconnection,3S,Internet of Things and other modern technologies,the “One map” platform for smart agriculture in space-time was built.It was established to achieve decentralized,multi-source,heterogeneous agricultural geospatial data for standard management,storage,display,application and sharing of data.The “One map” platform realizes “land management by map,disaster prevention by map,production management by map,intelligent agriculture by map.” It achieves this by the organic integration,mining,learning and expansion of various types of agricultural spatial data, in order to support optimizing the allocation of agricultural resources,macro-decision-making and regulation,as well as industrial integration and demonstration application.