The study provides reference materials for the research,breeding and variety identification germplasm resources of Elymus.The DNA fingerprints of 26 Elymus germplasm materials （including 9 Registered varieties）were constructed using ISSR and SRAP molecular markers and the genetic diversity was analyzed.The results were as follows：95 bands were amplified clearly using 10 single ISSR primers.90 of 95 bands are polymorphic and the percentage of polymorphic bands is 94.74%.In addition,110 bands were amplified clearly using 10 pairs of SRAP primers.100 of the 110 amplified bands are polymorphic and the percentage of polymorphic bands is 90.91%.The genetic similarity coefficient（GS）among the 26 examined Elymus germplasm materials was 0.57~0.89,with an average of 0.73,indicating a rich genetic diversity.UPGMA cluster analysis was carried out based on the GS values and the 26 Elymus germplasm materials were divided into four groups at the GS value of 0.67.The DNA fingerprints of 26 Elymus germplasm materials were constructed using the ISSR primer UBC818 and the SRAP primers me4+em16.

To study the effect of planting density on the photosynthetic characteristics of summer-sown Cyperus esculentus L.at the late tillering stage,and to provide a practical basis for summer-sown Cyperus esculentus L. in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.This study systematically analyzed the effect of 2 planting density on the diurnal variation of photosynthesis and the light response curve in the late tillering stage.The results showed that the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the late tillering stage of Cyperus esculentus L. under different planting densities showed a bimodal curve trend.The two peaks of net photosynthetic rate were the highest under the treatment of 125 000 plants/hm²,with the values of 12.16 [μmol/（m²·s）] and 9.49 [μmol/（m²·s）],respectively,which were higher than those under the treatment of 143 000 plants/hm².The photosynthetic rate was 0.25% and 13.93% higher,repsectively.The average stomatal conductance of 125 000 plants/hm² was 0.94% higher than that of 143 000 plants/hm².The intercellular CO₂ concentration showed a single peak curve change trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the daily average intercellular CO₂ concentration showed a high level of 143 000 plants/hm²>125 000 plants/hm².The transpiration rate showed an inverted "V" type change,and the average daily transpiration rate was 143 000 plants/hm²>125 000 plants/hm².The maximum net photosynthetic rate simulated by the non-rectangular curve was the maximum with the treatment of 125 000 plants/hm² 19.87 [μmol/（m²·s）],which was 4.97% higher than the treatment of 143 000 plants/hm²,and the simulated dark respiration rate of 125 000 strains/hm² was the maximum.The order of light saturation point （LSP） and light compensation point （LCP） was 143 000 plants/hm²>125 000 plants/hm².Based on the comprehensive analysis of the effects of two planting densities on the characteristics of photosynthetic performance changes,the practical basis for summer sowing of Cyperus esculentus L. was provided.It was preliminarily determined that planting density of 125 000 plants/hm² were better for summer sowing of Cyperus esculentus L. in central and western Inner Mongolia.

In order to find out the tiller and yield under different cultivation modes and provide the theoretical basis for Bletilla striata efficient cultivation, the effects of different cultivation modes on tiller and yield was statistically analyzed by different cultivation modes experiments. The results showed that the preservation rate of seedlings under greenhouse cultivation was higher. Field cultivation of tuber per cluster was superior to greenhouse cultivation. tuber fresh weight in intercropping cultivation was larger than field cultivation and smaller than greenhouse cultivation. The average number of buds per cluster of intercropping culture was higher than that of field and intercropping culture. The yield of field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation was higher than that of intercropping cultivation. Conclusion the tillering ability of intercropping culture was better than that of field culture and greenhouse culture. The yield of intercropping cultivation was obviously lower than that of field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. In the process of production practice, the seedlings and tubers can be obtained by different cultivation methods.

Qingma No.1 and Fenma No.3 were grown by different kinds of cultivation modes,to find the influence of cultivation modes on the yield characteristics of industrial hemp.The result showed that seed yield obtained by A1（2 rows were grown and 1 row was empty） cultivation modes was higher than others in Qingma No.1,whose seed yield was 1 614 kg/hm²,plant height was 297 cm,tem diameter was 19 mm,and branchings were 41.And seed yield obtained by A2（2 rows were grown and 1 row was empty） cultivation modes was higher than others in Fenma No.3,whose seed yield was 2 603 kg/hm²,plant height was 172 cm,stem diameter was 11 mm,and branchings were 31. It showed that the average grain yield with 2 rows grown and 1 row empty was higher than the normal cultivation modes in which every row was grown between different kinds of seed industrial hemp.

Based on the data of wheat regional test and production test in Anhui province from 2013 to 2016,the high yield,stable yield and adaptability of a new wheat variety Fumai 9 were evaluated by yield,coefficient of variation,coefficient of high stability,regression coefficient and adaptability.At the same time,the disease resistance and quality of Fumai 9 were briefly analyzed by the results of disease resistance identification and quality detection.The results showed that the average yield of Fumai 9 was 8 472.5 kg/hm² in the regional wheat test from 2013 to 2015,which was 6.17% higher than that of the control（Wanmai 52）.The average yield of Fumai 9 in the production test of 2015 to 2016 was 8 141.7 kg/hm²,which was 6.62% higher than that of the control.The yield variation coefficient of Fumai 9 in different years was smaller than that of control,and the high stability coefficient was higher than that of the control.The genetic basis of yield of Fumai 9 was better,and it had better stable yield.The average fitness of Fumai 9 was 95.7% in the three-year test and the average regression coefficient of 2-years regional test was 1.007,which was superior than the control and had wide adaptability.Fumai 9 showed moderate resistance to scab and powdery mildew,and the resistance to sheath blight was similar to that of the control.Its quality type reached the level of medium-strong gluten.The comprehensive analysis showed that Fumai 9 was a new wheat variety with strong disease resistance,good quality,high and stable yield and good adaptability.It was suitable for planting in the main wheat-producing areas along the Huai River and on the North of Huai River in Anhui Province.

This study aims to explore the characteristics of the high and stable yield of new wheat variety Ping′an 0602 in different ecological regions.According to the results of Henan Province regional test in 2015—2017，the data were analyzed by yield，variable coefficient，high-stable yield coefficient，regression coefficient and coordinate method.The result showed that the yield of Ping′an 0602 was higher than that of the control variety by 7.04% and 4.83% in two years.Ping′an 0602 showed the characteristic of high yield.The regression coefficient at 1.056 5 and 1.019 9 was close to that of population 1.000.Ping′an 0602 showed the characteristic of stable yield.The value of high stability coefficient was lower than that of the control variety and the regression line was above that of population，both suggesting high and stable yield. Ping′an 0602 has a high extension value in the examination area.

In this experiment,4 spring maize cultivars with different nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization rates were tested.Two tillage methods of deep pine （40 cm） and rotary tillage （15 cm） were used,with 2 nitrogen application rates 300 and 150 kg/hm².The indexes of root structure-canopy physiology-yield of each variety were analyzed and compared.The results showed that deep pine reduced the dry weight,the length and the surface area of the root for each variety,and decreased their leaf area and chlorophyll relative content （SPAD） after the nitrogen reduction.In addition,the remission effect of the double and high varieties was shown to be greater than that of the low height and the double low variety.The nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency after the nitrogen reduction in various varieties improved by 16.44%,29.52%,27.36%,and 12.69%,respectively,and the decrease of yield was reduced by 51.27%,42.55%,33.52%,and 3.41%,respectively.The double and high variety should be selected if the yield of 12 000 kg/hm² above is maintained under the condition of deep pine nitrogen application 150 kg/hm².

In order to determine the optimum nitrogen topdressing period for improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing non-point source pollution in farmland,the theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality nitrogen management strategy of potato under mulch drip irrigation was provided.With drip irrigation under mulch,the accumulation of potato nitrogen and the residual nitrate nitrogen in soil after harvest were studied by setting different combinations and times of nitrogen topdressing.The results showed that the nitrogen uptake and accumulation of tubers in 1,2 and 3 nitrogen topdressing treatments were 1.61,1.91 and 1.98 times higher than CK,respectively,18.53% and 22.82% higher in 2 and 3 nitrogen topdressing treatments than that in 1 nitrogen topdressing treatment,respectively,and 161.23 kg/hm² in B3 treatment was the highest.NRE,NPFP and NAE in 2 and 3 nitrogen topdressing treatments were 21.89%,20.74%,57.98% and 20.66%,17.80%,49.75% higher than that in 1 nitrogen topdressing treatment respectively.The yield,NRE,NPFP and NAE of all treatments were the highest at B3,46.98 t/hm²,51.32%,149.14 kg/kg and 76.57 kg/kg,respectively.The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in 60-80 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that in 1 and 2 nitrogen topdressing treatments.That 22.8% and 34.2% of the residual nitrogen were best applied twice at tuber formation stage and mid-swelling stage on the basis of 43% N application with drip irrigation under mulch.

In order to explore the application effect of microbial fertilizer in potato production. In this paper,the effects of different dosages of F01 complex microbial agents on the growth of potato plants,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in various organs,as well as the yield and quality were studied by field experiments. The results showed that compared to the non-bacterial agent,the increase of the application amount of F01 compound micro-ecological bacteria in a certain range promoted the growth of potato plants to a certain extent,and increased the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The weight of single potato and tuber yield were increased,and the crude protein content of tubers was increased,but the starch content of tubers was not affected. The yield increase and the income increase were the best at 75.0 kg/hm²,and the yield was 46 957.90 kg/hm²,which was 16.0% higher than that of the control. The weight of single potato increased by 16.9%. Th economic income increased 4 391.8 yuan/hm² by an increase of 29.8%. The absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the whole plant increased by 66.1%,31.7% and 87.3%,respectively.

To select suitable cultivation and fertilization methods for high-yield and high-efficiency planting of maize,the field positioning experiment was carried out with Xianyu 696.The effect and relationship of the tillage method and the controlled-release fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize were compared and analyzed.The results showed that compared with the chemical fertilizer,the controlled-release fertilizer could promote the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize.The net photosynthetic rate of different tillage and fertilization methods was shown as SS-CN>RT-CN>SS-HY>RT-HY>SS-CK>RT-CK.Compared with RT-HY,RT-CN,and SS-HY at different growth stages,SS-CN was shown to have the dry matter increased by 7.05%-38.84%,the leaf area index increased by 2.34%-21.33%,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 2.80%-20.58%,the relative content of chlorophyll increased by 1.48%-24.18%,and the yield was 7.94%-22.43% higher than that of each treatment.Deep pine combined with the controlled-release fertilizer is a suitable tillage and fertilization method for high-yield and high-efficiency maize planting.

Plant enzyme nutrition solution is an enzyme preparation that is generally made from natural plant tissues or crop residues such as leaves,flowers,and fruits,which are mixed with brown sugar and water,and then fermented for several months.It contains plentiful probiotics,nutrient elements,natural plant hormones,and organic acids,which can build a good soil micro-ecological environment and have an important ecological combined effect that can promote plant growth and so on. The research status of the plant enzyme nutrition solution on the preparation process,composition and applications was introduced,the prospect was envisioned,and the suggestions were also put forward.

Apium graveolens L. is an important feature of Inner Mongolia cold cool vegetables.Shangdu County,as one of the main producing region,root rot in recent years has become an important factor restricting the development of the industry.This study used tissue separation,morphology and molecular biology method combining the separate identification of the celery root rot pathogens of Shangdu County,through the petiole and root that are inoculated to determine the pathogenic strains.The results show that the separation of the four strains XY1,QC-3,QC-5 and 2QC-3 were pathogenic strains of XY1,QC-5 for Fusarium oxysporum,strain QC-3,2 QC-3 for Fusarium solani,and complete law of Koch’s appraisal.It is clear that Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are the main pathogenic bacteria causing root rot of Apium graveolens L. in Shangdu County.

The indoor virulence of Botrytis cinerea was determined by five kinds of chemical fungicides and two kinds of biological fungicides,and the antibacterial effect was compared by the EC₅₀ value and the resistance level of the pathogenic bacteria.The results showed that among the five chemical fungicides,the antibacterial effect of carbendazim and boscalid was the best.The EC₅₀ values were 139.64 μg/mL and 155.96 μg/mL,respectively,which was sensitive to Botrytis cinerea.Among the two biological fungicides,3×10⁸ CFU/g of Trichoderma harzianum had a better antibacterial effect,and the EC₅₀ value was 139.77 μg/mL.The results of the pot experiment also verified that carbendazim and boscalid can better control the occurrence of tomato gray mold.

Grape is genetically highly heterozygous.An early and rapid identification of the authenticity of grape hybrid progenies at the molecular level provides an auxiliary means for accelerating the creation of grape germplasm.SRAP molecular marker technique was used to identify the authenticity of eight F₁ seedlings of three hybrid combinations of grape,‘Hongti’בRed Rose’,‘Hongti’בBeda’and‘Hongti’בGuifei’.Ten pairs of primers selected from 196 pairs of SRAP-PCR primers could produce clear and stable polymorphism bands between Hongti and Beda.Among them,four pairs of primers could distinguish between ‘Hongti’ and ‘Red rose’ grape,and 4 pairs of primers between ‘Hongti’ and ‘Guifei’ grape.Three pairs of primers were selected respectively to identify the F₁ seedlings of three hybrid combinations,and the results showed that all the eight F₁ seedlings were true hybrids.This study provides a basis for the effective and rapid identification of hybrid progenies using SRAP markers.

The seeds of Zephyranthes candida as the explants were cultured in vitro for providing a higher quality seedling to landscaping.The results showed that the single addition of a low concentration of 2,4-D to the medium was ineffective to induce callus,the callus induction rate was only 3.3% when treated with MS+2,4-d 0.2mg /L,while 2,4-D together with 6-BA in the medium was promoting induction of callus and multiple shoots obviously.The callus induction rate was 90% on medium of MS containing 0.4 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L 6-BA,while the multiple shoot induction rate was 66.7% on medium of MS containing 1 mg/L 6-BA and 1 mg/L NAA.The callus induction optimal media was MS+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L+6-BA 0.2 mg/L,and the multiple shoot induction optimal media was MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L.

New Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteam Makino varieties （‘H1316’ and ‘Neicong2’） were taken as materials,which breeding by Inner Mongolia academy of agricultural and animal husbandry sciences,and 3 different planting densities（80 cm×5 cm,80 cm×6 cm and 80 cm×7 cm ） were set to study their effects on agronomic traits and yield of Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteam Makino.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the bolting rate,plant height,pseudo stem length,and pseudostem diameter of the onion varieties with increasing planting density.The plant height,pseudo stem length and pseudostem diameters of ‘Neicong 2’ were better than ‘H1316’,which were 129.43 cm,55.80 cm and 3.53 cm,respectively.The density of B3 （80 cm×7 cm） was the best,and plant weight of ‘Neicong 2’ was better than H1316,which was 526.27 g.With the increase of density,the yield of ‘H1316’ and ‘Neicong 2’ was the highest,108 238.35 kg/hm² and 125 412.60 kg/hm²,respectively.Therefore,‘Neicong 2’ is recommended as the preferential variety in Inner Mongolia Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteam Makino production with the planting density of 80 cm×5 cm.

Sowthistles are formed by a class of functional plants with medicinal and edible value.Bitter cabbage is namedbecause of bitter,and wild resources are very rich.In this paper,the research status were summarized including the nutrition ingredient,gathering food,artificial cultivation,tissue culture,germination characteristics,karyotype analysis,bacteriostasis,active components,pharmacological and clinical application,development and utilization of sowthistles,and the future research and the development direction were envisioned.

In order to further study the processing of Perilla frutescens food and drug products,the functional components of Perilla frutescens were summarized as flavonoids,oil,volatile oil and phenolic acids.The main products and the research technology of Perilla frutescens in the market are discussed.The prospect of developing nutrient-rich and functional health products and medicines are also discussed.

In order to explore the optimum number of drying layers for hot air drying and to provide the relevant basis for the rational processing and development of Chinese yam.The yam was cut into 0.5 cm thick,laid into different layers and put into the oven for the drying test,and then evaluated by color,volume rehydration rate,weight rehydration rate and viscosity.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the quality of the first layer and the third layer,while the appearance of the other layers could not meet the quality requirements.The conclusion is that considering the efficiency of drying operation,the optimum drying thickness is 1.5 cm with three yam slices,which can save energy and obtain greater economic benefits.

The development indicators of leisure agriculture were analyzed in-depth for 12 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in western China,and the future development trends were compared in this paper to provide a theoretical reference for promoting the sustainable development of leisure agriculture in western China.By selecting factors influencing the leisure agriculture development and building a set of evaluation index system of leisure agriculture in western China in the future development trend,combined with expert scoring and raw data collection,the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and entropy weight method （EWM） were used to calculate the index weight.Using the linear weighted to do a comprehensive evaluation index,it is concluded that the future leisure agriculture development in western China has the sort and situational evaluation rating.The ranking and comprehensive evaluation results are as follows：the first level （excellent）：Sichuan Province 0.679 1,Yunnan Province 0.547 5,Chongqing Municipality 0.476 0,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 0.469 9;the second level （good） ：Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 0.469 4,Guizhou Province 0.468 3,Shaanxi Province 0.370 2,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 0.282 4;the third level （qualified） ：Xizang Autonomous Region 0.241 3,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 0.166 9,Gansu Province 0.161 0,Qinghai Province 0.150 3.The future development of leisure agriculture in western China shows an obvious trend of regional differentiation and has a great potential for development.It requires the government to provide assurances in policy,land,talents,capital and publicity,in order to promote the further transformation and upgrading of leisure agriculture industry and tourism industry in western China.

Agricultural resources are in good condition in Hetao Irrigated Area,suitable for the growth of a variety of crops,and the plots are relatively fragmented.A remote sensing technology can be used to accurately identify crop types so that agricultural resources in this area can be investigated and the agricultural conditions can be evaluated.Using 9 phases of GF-1/WFV data in the period from April 2017 to October 2017,this paper combined the method of transforming the field sample points into sense areas to calculate and analyze the time series NDVI values and variation characteristics of spring wheat,corn,helianthus and vegetable in the whole growth stage in the study area,and thenthe decision tree classification model based on threshold segmentation was constructed to identify and classify the above five crops in this area.Ten verification quadrangles were selected from RapidEye data with a resolution of 5 m,the crops in the quadrangle were visually interpreted,and the classification results of the decision tree were verified with the interpretation results and expressed with confusion matrix.The results showed that identification accuracies of spring wheat,corn,sunflowers,zucchini,and tomatoes were 88.86%,62.44%,87.29% and 65.78%,respectively,while the overall accuracy reached 76.29% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.652 9.It can be seen that by analyzing the time series data based on GF-1/WFV NDVI,large crops in mesoscale can be identified more accurately.This method is suitable for the application and research of remote sensing in agricultural resource survey.

In order to quickly obtain the regional distribution information of rice and lay a technical foundation for crop sensing monitoring,promoting the development of monitoring and management of rice growth areas in the middle and high latitudes,Ulan Hot City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was selected for analysis of the regional application potential of Sentinel-2 data.In this study,the single-temporal remote sensing image on September 9,2018 was used as the best observation phase,and the method of the support vector machine classification was used.The method of maximum likelihood classification and object-oriented method of approaching -K,combined with visual interpretation results were used to classify and recognize the paddy in the whole region.The accuracy of classification was verified by the confusion matrix and ground sample data.In the high latitude growth area of single-cropping rice,the accuracy using the method of maximum likelihood classification（89.35%） was higher than that using support vector machine classification and object-oriented method.It was 4.6% and 12.45% higher,respectively,than the other two ways of classification accuracy.In term of the accuracy of evaluation of rice area monitoring,the average accuracy（85.91%） of maximum likelihood classification was higher than the other methods by 8.90% and 12.61%,respectively.In term of the rice harvest,the methods of rice area extraction based on the data of Sentinel-2,the method of maximum likelihood is better than the method of supporting vector machine and the method of the object-oriented classification.

Agricultural production efficiency is an important index for the high-quality development of agriculture.In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural production and accelerate the process of agricultural modernization in Shanxi Province,the evaluation index system of agricultural production efficiency in Shanxi Province based on the data of time section in 2009,2013,and 2017 was constructed.Using the three-stage DEA model to measure the agricultural production efficiency of 11 cities in Shanxi Province,and by using ArcGis visualization technology to analyze its space characteristics.The results showed that the score of the agricultural production efficiency of 11 cities in Shanxi Province is 0.5-1.0 without considering the situation of disturbance of the environmental factors and random factors.With the passage of time,the leading factor that affects the agricultural production efficiency of Shanxi Province changes from a pure technical efficiency to a scale efficiency;the intermediate consumption of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery that affects the agricultural production efficiency of Shanxi Province gradually tends to be rationalized;by comparing the value of the agricultural production efficiency of Shanxi Province in the first stage and the third stage,a significant difference is found,which indicated that the agricultural production efficiency of Shanxi Province is indeed affected by an external objective environment and random error;In 2009,2013 and 2017,the agricultural production efficiency in Shanxi Province showed obvious spatial clustering characteristics.There are some specific suggestions to ensure the improvement and development of agricultural production efficiency in Shanxi Province.