In order to reveal the regulation effect of the uniconazole on sunflower growth,using a high yield,high quality, and stalk feed varieties SH361 as materials,we set different uniconazole concentration treatments of seed soaking and leaf spraying. The results showed that, after soaking seed with a concentration of 230 mg/L uniconazole, the sunflower plant height and stem diameter decreased with the plant height being 37.7% lower than the control,the petiole had shorter length,and the leaf area in the flowering period was inhibited significantly by 44.55% compared with the control. After leaf spraying,the plant height did not decrease,while the stem diameter,the petiole length, and the leaf area increased. Compared with the control, the stem diameter and petiole length with a concentration of 400 mg/L were increased by 17.02% and 5.57%,respectively. The chlorophyll SPAD value was increased by seed soaking and leaf spraying. The results showed that seed soaking with 230 mg/L decreased the growth index and leaf spraying with 400 mg/L uniconazole increased the sunflower growth index significantly.

In order to ensure the commercial quality of Lanzhou edible lily bulbs under the conditions of dryland,it is necessary to scientifically determine the planting density.In this experiment,the growth analysis method was used to study the effects of two planting densities on the dry matter and nutrient uptake of lily bulbs.The result shows that the planting density significantly affects the dynamics of dry matter and NPK absorption and accumulation during the growth period of different growth years.The increase of density can improve the accumulation rate of dry matter in underground plants and bulbs at the seedling stage and bud stage,and while the accumulation of dry matter increases,the time of rapid accumulation of dry matter is shortened,and the peak of dry matter accumulation is advanced.The absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients per unit area of Lanzhou edible lily bulbs improved with the increase of planting density.Compared with the low density,the difference of dry matter,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in the first year of wilting （192 d） was extremely significant （P<0.01）,while the difference in nitrogen accumulation was not significant （P>0.05）.There was no significant difference in the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the second year of the wilt period （533 d）（P>0.05）.In the second year of the wilt period,compared with the first year,the cumulative growth of NPK in the low-density planting bulbs was higher than that in the high-density planting.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the bulbs increased by 79.11%,72.48%,and 21.45% at low density,respectively,and increased by 48.34%,11.56% and -20.09% at high density,respectively.The reasonable planting density of Lanzhou edible lily bulbs is 600 000 plants/hm² to 650 000 plants/hm².

The effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield and water use efficiency of Northeast spring maize were studied in order to provide technical support for the improvement of water use efficiency of Northeast spring maize in the eastern foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains.In this experiment,5 irrigation treatments were set up.Natural precipitation and irrigation amounts as well as other indicators were monitored and recorded.The soil moisture content and soil bulk density of different treatments were measured,and related calculation was carried out combined with yield to obtain the water use efficiency of maize,and in the meantime,agronomic characteristics were determined and related analysis was carried out.The results showed that when the irrigation volume was 1 500 m³/hm²,the yield was 14.55 t/hm² and the water use efficiency was up to 6.7 kg/m³ .When the irrigation volume of cornfield in the eastern foot of Greater Khingan Mountains is 1 500 m³/hm²,it is beneficial to improve the yield and water use efficiency of spring maize.

In order to select new potato varieties suitable for cultivation in Chifeng area of Inner Mongolia,the phenological period,the plant morphological characteristics,the tuber traits and the yield traits of the introduced nine new potato varieties were recorded and compared with the local cultivar Kexin 1.The results showed that ten varieties could complete the whole process of growth and development in Chifeng,and the plant morphological characteristics were good.The tuber marketable rate of each variety ranged from 73.80% to 94.19%.The yield of Huashu 4 with early maturity was 38 588 kg/hm²,which was significantly higher than that of the control variety（P<0.05）.The yield of Yunshu 902 with mid-early maturity was 40 334 kg/hm²,which was significantly higher than that of the control variety（P<0.01）.These two varieties have outstanding comprehensive characters,which can be further planted in Chifeng area of Inner Mongolia.

Mengyan No.3 is a new type of shelled oats,which is cultivated by traditional hybridization methods.From 2009 to 2011,tests at 8 sites were conducted in Inner Mongolia,Hebei,Xinjiang,Qinghai and Jilin.The average yield was 4 190.7 kg/hm²,which was 16.1% higher than the control Qingyin 1. In 2013,the production demonstrations were conducted in 4 sites （Zhangbei county,Hebei;Qitai county,Xinjiang;Youyu county,Shanxi;Wuchuan county,Inner Mongolia）.The average yield was 3 736.5 kg/hm² in the four sites,which was 29.20% higher than Qingyan 1.Therefore,it suggests that Mengyan 3 is suitable for planting in Wuchuan county of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hezuo city of Gansu Province,Xining city of Qinghai Province,and similar ecological areas.In 2015,Mengyan 3 （2015019）was appraised and certified by the Small Grain and Bean Identification Committee.

In order to explore the effects of different application rates of organic fertilizer on the salinity and nutrient characteristics of saline-alkali soil in Tumochuan Plain,the saline-alkali soil was studied in Togtoh Scientific Research Base of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences.The effects of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil salinity,pH,desalination rate,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available phosphorus in saline-alkali soil,and their correlations were studied.The results showed that：when the application rate of organic fertilizer was 36 t/hm² and 54 t/hm²,the soil salinity and pH decreased significantly.The desalination rates of soil were 12.63% and 11.77%,respectively.With the increase of the amount of organic fertilizer,the content of the soil organic matter increased,and the contents of the total nitrogen,the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and the available phosphorus increased at first and then decreased.Among them,the application rate of organic fertilizer 72 t/hm² increased the content of the soil organic matter in 0-20 cm soil layer most significantly,which was 35.40%-38.73% higher than that of the control.There were significant differences in the total nitrogen,the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and the available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer treated with 54 t/hm²,which were 20.62%-97.98%,16.81%-20.27%,and 57.50%-69.93% higher than those of the control,respectively.The application of organic fertilizer affected the soil salinity and pH,by affecting the soil organic matter,the total nitrogen and other chemical indexes,in which the soil pH was significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with the organic matter,the total nitrogen,the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and the available phosphorus.The soil total salt was significantly negatively correlated with the total nitrogen,the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and the available phosphorus.

In order to explore the improvement effect of green manure crops on saline soil,this paper takes the saline-alkali soil in Hetao Area of Inner Mongolia as the research subject.Two species of leguminous green manure crops,Sesbania cannabina and Melilotus suaveolens,were used in the field experiments.The results showed that：planting two kinds of green manure crops could reduce the soil bulk density,the soil porosity,and the soil nutrient content.After planting Sesbania cannabina,the soil bulk density decreased by 4.08% and the total porosity increased by 5.08%.The soil organic matter,the total nitrogen,the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,the available phosphorus,and the available potassium increased by 49.0%-49.4%,36.8%-68.4%,40.7%-43.8%,36.7%-44.8%,and 26.2%-36.5%,respectively.Therefore,planting green Sesbania cannabina and Melilotus suaveolens in Hetao irrigation area could noticeably improve the saline soil physical structure,reduce the salt level,and increase the soil organic matter,the total nitrogen,and the available nutrients;the effect of planting Sesbania cannabina on soil improvement was greater than that of planting Melilotus suaveolens.

In order to further optimize the rice fertilization scheme in Ningxia irrigation area to increase production and improve quality,the effects of five different fertilizer treatments （no-micronutrient fertilizer,base Zinc fertilizer,base Manganese fertilizer,basal application+spraying of Zinc fertilizer,and basal application+spraying of Manganese fertilizer） on rice plant height,yield factor,yield,and rice quality were studied to find the appropriate type and application method.The results showed that the basal application and spraying with zinc fertilizer had the best performance for rice plant height and panicle length,while the basal application and spraying with manganese fertilizer had the best performance for rice grain number per panicle and seed number per panicle.The yield of rice treated with basal + zinc fertilizer and manganese fertilizer increased by 872.8 kg/hm² and 681.6 kg/hm²,respectively,compared with that without microfertilizer（CK）,and the yield increased by 9.09% and 7.10%,respectively.The analysis of rice quality factor showed that the basal application of manganese fertilizer or basal application of manganese fertilizer plus spraying could improve the rice protein content,the brown rice rate,the milled rice rate,and the whole milled rice rate,and reduce the carbohydrate content,the chalky grain rate,and the chalkiness.Application of zinc fertilizer or base application+spray application of zinc fertilizer in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area can increase the protein content and the brown rice rate,and reduce the carbohydrate content.The rate of milled rice and the rate of whole milled rice can be improved by basal application+spraying of Zinc fertilizer.The effect of basal application+spraying of Zinc fertilizer on rice was greater than that of basal applying manganese fertilizer on rice.

This study carried out a random group test design in the field pharmacodynamic experiments,aiming to confirm the control effects of precision metolachlor·nicosulfuron·atrazine 40% OD against annual weeds and its safety in spring cornfield.The results showed that the control effects of precision metolachlor·nicosulfuron·atrazine 40% OD suspension （effective component） at 600,900,1 200,and 1 800 mL/hm² doses on weeds increased proportionally with the dose,and the control effect of each treatment on weeds at 30 d post-application was greater than that at 15 d post-application.At 30 d post-treatment,the fresh weight control effects of Echinochloa crusgalli,Chenopodium album,Amaranthus retroflesus ,and Solanum nigrum were 93.1%-100.0%,93.6%-100.0%,95.4%-100.0%,and 97.0%-100.0%,respectively. The total fresh weight control effect was 94.9%-100.0%.The total control effect of the three control medicaments was less than the three mixed medicaments.Precision metolachlor·nicosulfuron·atrazine 40% OD can be used at 900-1 200 mL/hm² doses in spring cornfield. It is safe on spring corn and controls weeds effectively with increasing production.Therefore it can be used as the major herbicide in spring cornfield.

In order to evaluate the control effect of the oriental fruit moth disorientation emitter in the peach orchard,the oriental fruit moth disorientation emitter was tested in Beijing Wuyao Songjiang Orchard.The results showed that the disorientation rate of oriental fruit moth was more than 99.85%,and the top-breaking rate and the top-breaking control effect of oriental fruit moth was 97.8% and 89.6%,respectively.The mating rate of adult was reduced and the harm of offspring was reduced.This study provides data support for improving fruit quality,increasing fruit economic returns and ensuring fruit quality and safety.

RNA interference mediated by small RNAs plays an important role in plant immune response to pathogen infection.Researches have shown that small RNAs can be transported to silent target genes across borders and participate in plant immunity and pathogen′s pathogenic process,which is called Cross-kingdom RNAi.The application of Cross-kingdom RNAi technology provides a new direction for plant protection and disease resistance breeding.In this paper,the synthesis pathway,the action mechanism,the transport mechanism,and the research progress in plant immunity and pathogen virulence of Cross-kingdom small RNA are reviewed in order to provide reference information for the application of Cross-kingdom RNAi technology in plant disease prevention and control.

As a reporter gene,green fluorescent protein （GFP） has the advantages of high sensitivity,good stability,low cytotoxicity and so on,which has been widely used in the study of the interaction between pathogens and host plants.In this paper,the application of GFP in plant pathogens was discussed from the aspects of transformation method of GFP,the pathogen infection process,the detection of pathogen quantity,and the study on subcellular structure of pathogen.It provided reference information for the application of GFP.

The soil wind erosion is the main reason for the degradation of cultivated land and the decline of productivity in the agro-pastoral region in Northern China.The dust pollution of farmland has greatly affected the construction and protection of the agricultural ecological environment in China,and has become a shortboard for the construction of the life community of “mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,and grasses” in Northern China.Therefore,improving the prevention and control of wind erosion and soil fertility cultivation in farmlands in the farming-pastoral interlacing areas in the north is the key to solving the problems of the ecological environment and the agricultural production in the north of China.This paper aims at the problems of the soil degradation,the soil fertility decline,and the resource utilization efficiency in the typical ecological areas of The Greater Hinggan Mountains along the foothills,Yanshan hills and Yinshan foothills.Based on the long-term positioning test,the indoor control test,and the simulation test,combined with the analysis of the literature data,the mechanism of wind erosion,the mechanism of the soil fertility decline,and the characteristics of the water holding capacity were revealed;the key technologies and models of cultivation and sustainable utilization of the wind erosion degraded farmland were innovated,which provided a theoretical basis and technical support for prevention and control of wind erosion and sustainable cultivation of farmland in Inner Mongolia and the agro-pastoral region in Northern China.

Based on the standard of agricultural soil pollution risk management and control,the potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the risk of farmland soil pollution and the quality of the soil,which provided a theoretical basis for farmland soil risk management and control in the North Urad Irrigation Area of Hetao Irrigation Area.The results showed that the content of Cd,Hg,As,Pb and Cr in the soil of the survey area was lower than the risk screening value of soil pollution risk management and control,indicating that the risk of soil pollution was low,and the safe use of agricultural land is subjected to the priority protection.Compared with the regional soil background value,except for Cd,the average content of the other four heavy metals were all lower than the background value,but the content of Cd,Pb and Cr in some sites exceeded the standard,and the exceeding rate was respectively 54.5%,15.2% and 21.4%.The average value of the single potential ecological risk index of Cd,As,Pb,Cr and Hg was 8.39,0.93,0.40,0.38 and 0.28,respectively from high to low,and the average value of the comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 10.39.The potential risk index also showed that the risk of farmland soil pollution in the survey area was low,which is at a slight ecological risk level.

Based on the hourly temperature and relative humidity data of the microclimate automatic meteorological observatory in Shanshuigou Village,Guojiaqiao Township,Wuzhong City from November 2018 to March 2019,and the conventional meteorological observation data of the regional automatic weather station,the characteristics of temperature changes in the greenhouse are analyzed and the forecast method of the minimum temperature in the greenhouse was studied.The results showed that the diurnal variation of temperature in the greenhouse did not change with the change of the weather state,and the temperature reached the diurnal minimum value before the revelation.The daily minimum temperature in the greenhouse mainly occurs from 7：00 to 9：00,while the daily maximum temperature mainly occurs from 11：00 to 14：00.There is a noticeable linear relationship between the daily minimum air temperature,the relative humidity and the daily minimum air temperature outside the greenhouse.Based on this,the linear regression equation of the daily minimum air temperature inside the greenhouse is established.The absolute error of the equation is within 2.0 ℃,accounting for more than 62.5%.The results can provide a technical support for the prevention of meteorological disasters caused by low temperatures and chilling in facility agriculture.

In order to screen soybean rhizobium with strong nitrogen fixation ability for vegetable soybean with different salt tolerance,ten Soybean Rhizobium strains （NGR234,HH103,B16,N18,USDA110,USDA122,CB1809,ACCC15067,AS1.826,and AS1.909）were selected and used in the study with vegetable soybean salt-tolerant varieties LvLingBaHao Symbiotic matching of salt-sensitive cultivar RiBenQing.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the overground biomass between LvLingBaHao-USDA122 combination and the inoculation of USDA110,the fresh weight of nodules had no significant difference with the inoculation of N18,USDA110 and AS1.826,and the total nitrogen content of plants had no significant difference with the inoculation of HH103,but they were significantly higher than other combinations.The number of nodules,the fresh weight of nodules,the activity of nodules dinitrogenase and the total nitrogen content in plants of RiBenQing-HH103 combination were significantly higher than those of other combinations,but there was no significant difference in the overground biomass between RiBenQing-HH103 combination and USDA110 inoculation.In order to accurately evaluate the nitrogen fixation ability of each strain and two vegetable soybean varieties,a comprehensive evaluation method was adopted in this study.The results showed that the symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of each strain and LvLingBaHao from strong to weak was：USDA122>AS1.826>H103,USDA110>N18>AS1.909>ACCC15067,NGR234>B16,CB1809,the symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability with RiBenQing was HH103>USDA110>N18>USDA122,NGR234>AS1.909>B16>ACCC15067,AS1.8>CB1809.Those results showed that there were significant differences in nodule and nitrogen fixation ability among different Soybean Rhizobium strains.The salt-tolerant cultivar LvLingBaHao and USDA122 had stronger nodule and nitrogen fixation ability,while the salt-sensitive cultivar RiBenQing and HH103 had stronger nodule and nitrogen fixation ability. In addition,the comprehensive evaluation method introduced in this study can also provide a reference for the study of symbiotic matching between soybean and rhizobium.

To explore the effect of interstock on the pear root growth and the fruit quality,Nanshuigou1,E7-28,Zhongai 3 and OH×F51 were used as interstock grafted on Douli,while Xueqing was used as scion.The indexes related to the root development and the fruit quality were evaluated and the expression level of genes involved in sugar metabolism （SOT2 and SUT1） were analyzed.Compared with other interstocks,E7-28 showed the best compatibility with scion and rootstock,with more roots and larger fruit size.The fruit has a higher level of soluble solids and lower total titratable acid.The content of fructose and sucrose was higher,and the content of malic acid and citric acid was lower.Nanshuigou 1 has the largest leaf,the second-largest fruit weight,and the highest sucrose content.When Zhongai 3 was used as interstock,the root amount was less and the fruit had a lower level of soluble solids and a higher level of malic acid and citric acid.When OH× F51 was used as interstock,noticeable incompatibility was found with small canopy width,weak growth vigor and small size of the fruit.E 7-28 is the most suitable interstock,followed by Nanshuigou 1.

In this paper,blue bilberry,medlar and chrysanthemum extract were used as the main raw materials,with white granulated sugar and maltodextrin as plasticizers,to prepare a blueberry,medlar and chrysanthemum compound tablet candy with a health care function and unique taste.The anti-oxidation test was carried out on the pressed candy.Based on a single factor investigation,the optimal mixture extraction process was determined by an orthogonal experimental design,and the anti-oxidation index of the mixture was determined to determine its reducing ability,DPPH free radical,ABTS free radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability.The best formula is：blue hazelnut,medlar-chrysanthemum extract mix ratio of 3∶2∶1;the prescription 50%;white sugar 35%;maltodextrin 15%,stevioside 2.0%,citric acid 1.0%,sodium citrate 0.4%,vitamin C 1.0%,taurine 0.5%,β-carotene 0.05%,vitamin B₁ 0.05%;adding magnesium stearate 0.2%,mixing time 10 min at 12 r/min.The results of the antioxidant activity showed that at 1.0 mg/mL,the reduction of sassafras and Lycium-Chrysanthemum compressed candy was 0.357%;the DPPH free radical scavenging rate was 49.13%,and the ABTS free radical scavenging rate was 99.09%.The base clearance was 87.42%.The results showed that the blue hazelnut and medlar-chrysanthemum composite tableting candy had better antioxidant activity.

In order to study the stability of anthocyanin in blue hazelnut,the anthocyanin was extracted by an ultrasonic-assisted method,and the effects of different temperature,pH,ascorbic acid and different metal ions on the stability of anthocyanin were studied with the retention rate as the detection index.The results showed that the preservation at 4 ℃or room temperature was the best.The preservation of the weak acid environment was effective in maintaining stability.The proper amount of ascorbic acid helped to maintain the stability of anthocyanins in blue hazelnut.The effects of Na⁺,Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ metal ions are not significant,and K⁺,Ba⁺,Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ metal ions have a great influence on them.Therefore,in the preparation and application of anthocyanins extracted from blue hazelnut fruits,they should be extracted at a lower temperature and in a weak acid environment,and an appropriate amount of ascorbic acid should be added to avoid contact with copper and iron containers during storage.

In order to explore the sunlight greenhouse root zone temperature in the winter stress on the membrane permeability,the protective enzyme activity and osmolyte in pepper,we comparatively studied three treatments （20-22 ℃,16-18 ℃,11-16 ℃）,the activities of superoxede-dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）,catalase （CAT）,proline（Pro）,and malondialdehyde（MDA）,and the electrolytic permeability contents were determined by using Changjin,Xunchi 37-74 and Yunchi 37-82 in pepper adult stage.The root zone of the winter greenhouse temperature of capsanthin membrane permeability and protective enzyme activity and the influence of the osmotic regulation substances,with long golden pepper varieties,centrino 37-74 and chi 37-82 as the research material,the high temperature （20-22 ℃）,medium temperature （16-18 ℃） and low temperature （11-16 ℃） under three gradient temperature processing pepper into plant phase of superoxide dismutase （SOD）,peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） activity and proline （Pro）,malondialdehyde （MDA） content and electric conductivity （EC） were determined.The results showed that malondialdehyde （MDA） and conductivity （EC） continuously decreased to normal values with the increase of the root temperature,and there were significant differences （P<0.05） between medium temperature （16-18 ℃）,high temperature （20-22 ℃） and low temperature （11-16 ℃）.The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） in the lower part of the ground was significantly higher than that in the lower part of the ground （CK） （P<0.01）,and the activity of peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） in the upper part of the ground was significantly higher than that in the lower part of the ground（CK）.The correlation analysis results showed that the superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the aboveground part was significantly positively correlated with peroxidase （POD） in the underground part,peroxidase （POD） in the aboveground part and peroxidase （POD） in the underground part （r=1.000）.The results showed that the medium temperature treatment （16-18 ℃） can ensure the pepper overwintering culture,and the plants have strong reactive oxygen scavenging ability.Under the condition of prolonged hypothermia,the root cells have the ability of active regulation.

In order to find out the microclimate law on the edge of the desert and to clarify its microclimate effect and its influence on the grape quality,this paper reported the microclimate observation and the sampling test results of wine grape from Jianjian Lake Development Zone vineyard in Shapotou desert edge and Changle base vineyard in normal background from the beginning of April to the end of September in 2019.A principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the main quality factors of wine grape,total sugar,sugar and acid ratio,pH and tannin.The main meteorological factors and influence periods affecting the comprehensive quality of wine grape were analyzed by factor analysis.The results showed that the wine grape in the Jianjian Lake Development Zone had high sugar content,rich tannin content and a high comprehensive score.The maximum temperature during the growth period was 22.0-31.2 ℃;the lowest temperature was 9.3-16.4 ℃;the effective accumulated temperature was 1 762.5 ℃;the temperature of 20-40 cm was 20.0-25.0 ℃;the sunshine hours were 1 495.8 h;the precipitation was 26.3 mm;and the air humidity was 44.4%.Therefore,the microclimate at the edge of the desert has the characteristics of a large temperature difference between day and night,sufficient heat,less precipitation,and low humidity,which was beneficial to the accumulation of glucose and the increase of phenolic content,and was suitable for the cultivation of high-quality wine grape.

In order to explore the influence of different cold cover methods on the wintering of grapes,Molixiang grape was used as the test material,and the soil temperature of different soil depths was measured by pen thermometers through three different cold cover methods （including cashmere flake cover,drapes+mulch cover and soil cover）.The results showed that：as the change of the weather,cashmere flocculus and mulch+reed screen under the cover had small variations in soil temperature;the soil temperature under the two mulching methods of cashmere,reed screen and plastic film was significantly higher than that under soil mulching.In spring,the germination rate of grape covered by cashmere was significantly higher than that of the other two treatments.Therefore,the covering method of cashmere flake is more suitable for the wintering protection of Molixiang grape.

In order to establish the tissue culture system of rapid propagation of fruit mulberry,the effects of different plant growth regulators and different concentration ratios on the growth of fruit mulberry tissue culture seedlings were studied by taking the variety of Baiyuwang stem segment with axillary bud as explants,and the optimum axillary bud induction,proliferation and rooting medium was selected.The results showed that the sterilization method of explants was 75% ethanol+sterilization 30 s+0.1% HgCl₂+immersion for 10 min.The optimal medium for axillary bud induction was MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.5 mg/L IBA.The culture medium was MS+2.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IBA.The rooting medium was 1/2 ms+0.5 mg/L NAA.It provides the research foundation for the fruit mulberry Baiyuwang seedling in the factory.