【Objective】 In order to reveal the physiological response of different sugar beet varieties to saline-alkali stress and screen salt-alkali tolerant varieties.【Methods】 15 main sugar beet varieties were used as materials to simulate the effects of different degrees of salt-alkali stress（control,light,moderate and severe saline-alkali soil）on the growth and physiological indexes of sugar beet seedlings under natural soil conditions.【Results】 Compared with the control,the seedling emergence rate,fresh weight,dry weight and chlorophyll content of 15 sugar beet varieties decreased in varying degrees with the increase of salt-alkali stress.The five varieties of seedling emergence rate decreasing slightly： were MA3001,MA2070,KWS1176,KWS9149,MA079,and the five varieties of fresh weight decreasing slightly： were MA3001,KWS1176,KWS2323,NEI2499,BETA379,and the five varieties of dry weight decreasing slightly：were KWS1176,BETA5043,MA3001,MA079,BETA379.The decreases of MA3001 and KWS1176 were smaller so that these were the salt-alkali tolerant varieties.The plasmalemma permeability and MDA content in leaves of 15 sugar beet varieties increased with the increase of salt-alkali stress，and small the increase ofor the salt-alkali tolerant sugar beet seedlings was smaller.With the increase of salt-alkali stress，the SOD activity of 15 sugar beet varieties was different，and the POD activity of different varieties showed a single peak curve change，and SOD activity and POD activity of salt-alkali tolerant varieties decreased slightly in severe saline-alkali soil.【Conclusion】 MA3001 and KWS1176 are salt-alkali tolerant sugar beet varieties.They can effectively reduce the membrane lipid peroxidation and the plasmalemma permeability of leaves by strengthening the activity of antioxidant enzymes，thereby improving the salt-alkali tolerance of sugar beet seedlings.

【Objective】 To determine the performance of stem related characters in direct seeding rice and their relationship with lodging resistance under different sowing dates,to provide reference for lodging resistance breeding in direct seeding rice.【Methods】 Lianjing7, Xudao3（Medium-maturing medium Japonica Rice）and Lianjing15,Lianjing13ZJ61（Early-maturing medium Japonica Rice）were used as experimental materials,three sowing dates were set on June 10,June 20 and June 30.The effects of sowing date on the growth dynamics of the above ground and yield in direct seeding rice were studied,and the correlation between the stem characters and the lodging resistance in rice plants were analyzed.【Results】 The yield components and actual yield of four varieties all decreased with the delay of sowing date,but the degree of decline was different.With the delay of sowing date,the bending resistance of stem and the bending moment decreased,the spike length and the plant height significantly decreased,the dry weight per unit internode of basal internode and the anti-overturning force per plant also decreased.The lodging resistance of different varieties was closely related to internode length,stem dry weight and dry weight per unit internode.【Conclusion】 Early sowing（June 10）,shorter for the first and second internodes,its stem with high dry weight and plumpness,was conducive to lodging resistance for direct seeding rice.

【Objective】 To explore the protein content,amino acid composition and nutritional value for different potato varieties in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】 The protein and amino acid composition of 575 fresh potatoes from the harvest season of 2016 to 2019 in Inner Mongolia were analyzed by microwave digestion - liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.【Results】 The protein content of different potato varieties ranged from 0.95% to 3.55%,with an average value of（2.10±0.11）%,which was consistent with the national average.The total amount of 17 amino acids per gram of protein was 423.72-1 015.41 mg,and the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was 43.2%,7.2 percentage points higher than the standard protein stipulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）and the World Health Organization（WHO）.Among them,the content of amino acids of umami was higher,the variation of amino acids of different varieties was larger,and the content of Houqihong variety was the highest.【Conclusion】 Through different evaluation methods has been proved that the Xinjia No.2,Favorita and Houqihong was in the top three for their essential amino acid content and the proximity of model protein,amino acid ratio factor score and nutrition index score sorting,the three varieties had high protein content,not only their nutritional value more balanced,also high quality protein source,could be used as optimization of potato protein processing varieties.

In order to study the specific quality effects of CO₂ on different plant growth,yield and quality,the effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on plant growth,yield, quality and other traits were reviewed in the paper.It was found that CO₂ concentration increased affected plant growth,directly affects photosynthesis and stomatal conductance,changed carbon-nitrogen balance,cell cycle characteristics and hormone metabolism.At the same time,CO₂ concentration increased could increase crop yields and promote the increase of soluble sugars,titrable organic acids,soluble solids,sugar-acid ratio,and vitamins in plants,meanwhile,it could improve the flavor of fruits and vegetables.It is one of the most promising methods to achieve future food production goals for comprehensively study the impact of CO₂ on ecological environment,CO₂ technology can be applied to crops to realize the supply and demand of grain crops in the future and provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of grain.

【Objective】 According to the ripening period of common maize and the quality demand of maize starch deep processing market,the breeding of new varieties with high starch type was carried out in order to alleviate the problems of mixed varieties and uneven quality in Inner Mongolia maize market.【Methods】 Maize hybrid breeding technique,multi-point identification and traditional maize cultivation techniques were combined.【Results】 The Neidan 35 was bredtest was conducted by crossing wih M10ND101 as the female parent and MXZJ853 as the male parent,and the hybrid intra-variety 35 was selected.In 2015,Neidan 35 was repeated seven times at six appraisal sites in Hohhot,Chifeng,Tongliao,Baotou,Bayannur and Ordos,with an average yield of 12 910.5 kg/hm²,an increase of 7.61% over the control Jinshan 33,a significant increase in yield,and samea grain moisture content.That was basically the same as that of the control variety.In the Montco jade consortium trial in 2016—2017,in which the average yield of the production trial was 11 356.5 kg/hm²,an increase of 6.25% over the control;the reproductive period was 128.4 d.As determined by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Grain Quality Supervision and Inspection and Testing Center,the starch content of the maize variety 76.86%,as a high-starch maize varieties;diseases resistance identification results were the following：for the sense of large spot disease（7S）,resistance to leaf spot curvature（5MR）,resistance to silk black ear disease（7.1% MR）,resistance to stem rot（14.7% MR）,resistance to maize borer（3.9R）.In the planting process,pay attention to the amount of water and fertilizer to prevent large spot disease.【Conclusion】 The new maize variety Naidan 35 is high-starch varieties, under ripe conditions,the starch content of the maize variety was 76.86%,it was approved by the Inner Mongolia Variety Approval Committee in 2018, and suitable in the areas with above 2 650 ℃（an≥10 ℃ active cumulative temperature）in Inner Mongolia.

Wheat is the most important triticeae crops in the world,and its grain hardness is related to the processing quality and edible quality,as well as enterprise benefit and farmer income.The crops of triticeae grain hardness test method,the relationship between the grain hardness and grain composition,grain hardness and molecular mechanism research progress,the grain hardness genes and research progress of the correlation of quality traits were summarized,and put forward the prospect for future development,aimed at triticeae crops genetic breeding and quality improvement to provide the reference.

Identification of drought-resistant soybean varieties plays an important role in laying the foundation of genetic basis of existing soybean varieties and breeding breakthrough varieties.Soybean drought resistance identification methods（natural field in the condition of drought identification,artificial water control identification,laboratory identification）,estimated indexes（agricultural traits index,canopy wilting index,soybean root morphology index,soybean sprout index,physiological and biochemical index）and evaluation methods（directly and comprehensive evaluation）,etc. were summarized in this paper to provide reference for the research on drought resistance,breeding and production of soybean drought resistant varieties.

【Objective】 To explore the application effect of oxidized glutathione（GSSG）by foliar praying in potato production.【Methods】 In this study,0,450,900,1 350 and 1 800 g/hm² concentrations of GSSG were set and sprayed at the 20^th days after emergency.Then,leaf area index,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation,yield,starch content and reduced sugar content in tuber were determined to clarify the impact of GSSG on potato yield and quality.【Results】 GSSG could promote the increase of potato leaf area index,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation,and potato yield and starch content were increased,but reduced sugar content in tuber was decreased.The suitable application rate of GSSG was 442.50 g/hm² in potato.【Conclusion】 Foliar spraying oxidized glutathione could increase potato yield and improve the nutritional quality of tuber,which has certain application value in potato production.

【Objective】 To provide a theoretical basis for reducing fertilizer application amount of sugar beet after microbial ecological agent applied in seedling bed.【Methods】 The effect of reducing fertilizer application amount on sugar beet plant height,leaf area index,root-shoot ratio,dry matter accumulation,yield and analysis of economic benefit were studied in the semi-arid area of Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia.【Results】 The results showed that different treatments plant height,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of sugar beet decreased with the decreasing of fertilizer application in different treatments,the root-shoot ratio had a tendency to decrease first and then increased with the decreasing amount of fertilizer applied.The yield of sugar beet decreased gradually with the decreasing of fertilizer application and the sugar content increased with the decreasing of fertilizer application.【Conclusion】 In the semi-arid area of Inner Mongolia,not only the yield of sugar beet were the highest,but also economic benefit was the highest when the seedbed was treated with 30 kg/hm² of microbial ecological agent and combined with 750 kg/hm² of sugar beet fertilizer applied in the field.Compared with conventional fertilization,the fertilizer application amount was reduced by 16.7%.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of different slow-release fertilizers on the yield and quality of buckwheat,to find the most economical ratio of slow-release fertilizers and organic fertilizers,and provide a basis for the promotion of slow-release fertilizers in buckwheat planting industry.【Methods】 Using organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer,5 slow-release fertilizers treatments were set up to determine the chlorophyll content,and the buckwheat yield and soluble sugar,protein,rutin,total flavonoids content and other quality indicators were measured at harvest.【Results】 The effect of different slow-release fertilizers on the chlorophyll content showed a trend of T4>T3>T2>T1>CK,and the yield of buckwheat showed a trend of T4>T3>T2>T1>CK;in terms of quality,the soluble sugar content,rutin content and total flavonoid content showed the trend of T4>T3>T2>T1>CK.【Conclusion】 Treatments T3 and T4 have the best promotion effect on buckwheat chlorophyll,buckwheat yield,soluble sugar,protein,rutin and total flavonoids content,and the treatment T4（slow-release fertilizer∶organic fertilizer=1∶2）proportional application couldan significantly improve the yield and quality of buckwheat.

【Objective】 To explore the effect of application of Zn,B,Mn fertilizers on yield,sugar content and sugar yield in sugar beet.【Methods】 The“3414” optimal regression design test plan was applied.Three factors of Zn,B,Mn with 4 fertilizer levels（no fertilizer（CK）,low dosage,middle dosage and high dosage）were set up.【Results】 Compared with CK,the yield was increased by 20.64%-25.53%,the sugar content was increased by 0.02-0.83 degree（except treatment 8）,and the sugar yield was increased by 21.86%-30.85%.By establishing the effect function equation of fertilizer response and sugar yield,the optimum fertilizers amount were ZnSO₄·7H₂O 20.50 kg/hm²,Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O 27.01 kg/hm²,MnSO₄·7H₂O 42.35 kg/hm².【Conclusion】 Applying the appropriate amount of Zn,B,Mn fertilizer could improve the sugar beet yield and sugar content,and would be helpful to improve the sugar yield.

Pomegranate can be eaten fresh,ornamental,and has high medicinal value,its seed is soft edible,more juicy and easy to swallow.The introduction,cultivars,tissue culture,molecular biology and cultivation techniques of soft-seed pomegranate were reviewed in this paper,and provides the research and development direction of soft-seed pomegranate in the future.

【Objective】 To determine the ecological adaptive capacity and rooting type of Portulaca oleracea L. for its better develop and utilize.【Methods】 The anatomical vegetative organs and cuttings rooting were observed by paraffin section.【Results】 The roots and stems of purslane were stout and contained more parenchyma.The root had secondary structures such as pericarp and secondary vascular tissue,and xylem was well developed.There were scattered vascular bundles in the stem,and cortex and marrow were more developed.The leaves were typical heterofacial,with mucinous cells,and the main veins were arranged with two external tough vascular bundles.There were annular fiber bundles outside petiole and main vascular bundle.Crystals were found in parenchyma cells of roots,stems and leaves.Adventitious roots of stem cuttings originated from parenchyma cells near the interfascicular cambium or phloem.【Conclusion】 The vegetative organs of Portulaca oleracea L. had the characteristics of resistance to dry and salt.The root of stem cuttings was the original type of inducing root and easy to take roots.

【Objective】 To research the weeds control effect of different kinds and dosage of herbicides in spring maize whole-stalk and zero-tillage field.【Methods】 Four types of herbicides,i.e. 50% acetochlamine,48% ethyl atrazine,41% isopropyl atrazine,and 42% Butachlor·Metolachlor·Atrazine,were tested by random group in the field to research the control effect and yields of 4 herbicides on weeds in spring maize field.【Results】 The best treatment effect was 42% Butachlor·Metolachlor·Atrazine at 1 500 mL/hm²,the control effect for monocotyledon weeds was 72.0%,dicotyledon weeds was 85.4% after 42 d,the inhibition rate of fresh weight of monocotyledon weeds was 70.0%,the inhibition rate of fresh weight of dicotyledon weeds was 80.6%,and the yield was 11 390 kg/hm².【Conclusion】 It is recommended to use 42% Butachlor·Metolachlor·Atrazine at a dose of 1 500 mL/hm² in spring maize zero-tillage field covered by whole stalk in Changzhi area of Shanxi Province.

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of sweet potato leaf curl virus（SPLCV）on the growth characteristics and yield of sweet potato,so as to enhance the efficient utilization of disease-resistant resources of sweet potato.【Methods】 The effects of SPLCV on pathogenicity,growth characteristics and yield of different sweet potato cultivars were studied by using field plot test method.【Results】 SPLCV had pathogenicity to all tested sweet potato varieties,but the severity of symptoms was different.Among them,the leaves of honey pot,Jizhi No.1 and other varieties showed obvious upward curling and yellower,while the leaves of Longshu No.9 and Shangshu No.19 showed curling in very few plants.The yield loss of different varieties ranged from 4.93% to 43.30%.SPLCV reduced the chlorophyll content index,leaf area and leaf fresh weight of Zhenghong 22 and Xushu 32,shortened the vine length,and reduced the branch number and leaf number of Zhenghong 22.When the fresh weight of sweet potato pieces was 90 and 120 d,the healthy seedlings increased by 0.09-0.19 kg/plant compared with the virus seedlings.【Conclusion】 Longshu No.9,Shangshu No.19,Xushu 32 and other resistant varieties could be popularized and applied in the areas with high incidence of SPLCV.

【Objective】 To clarify the effect of autumn irrigation in Yellow River Irrigation Districts on the seed germination of Orobanche cumana.【Methods】 The study had been carried out in Urad Front Banner of Inner Mongolia during 2014 to 2019.Sacks containing seeds of Orobanche cumana were put in the field and immersed in the irrigation water each November to next May,and the controlling sacks containing the same seeds were put in natural conditions and without irrigation.The seed samples were taken out at eah May,induced by GR24 and calculated their germination rates.【Results】 The germination rates of Orobanche cumana treated with autumn irrigation from 1 to 5 years were 46.62%,12.86%,0.79%,0,0,respectively,while germination rates of the control seeds were 71.95%,64.19%,64.88%,57.72%,69.88%,respectively.Autumn irrigation could significantly decrease the germination rates of Orobanche cumana seeds,the more years′ irrigation,the lower germination rates of the seeds.After 4 years irrigation,the germination rates was down to 0.【Conclusion】 The lower germination rates of Orobanche cumana was caused by autumn irrigation,it was mainly reason for why Orobanche cumana keeping a low infectin rate in the Yellow River Irrigation Districts of Bayannur.

【Objective】 In order to explore the effect of microbial agents on the growth of eggplant seedlings after colonization.【Methods】 Using the variety "black-bright" as test materials and the random block as test method,the different concentrations of Baitai microbial agents（special for seedlings）were selected to carry out the root filling test on eggplant seedlings.【Results】 The results showed that 300 times diluent of Baitai microbial agents（special for seedlings）was applied（treatment 2）on the 3^rd,10^th and 20^th day after root irrigatedion.The plant height of eggplant seedling increased by 13.45%,12.02%,10.56% than CK,stem diameter increased by 11.68%,10.81%,10.00%,leaf area increased by 14.14%,17.09%,10.57%,abover overground fresh weight increased by 26.73%,23.30%,18.43%,root fresh weight increased by 25.40%,39.44%,36.48%,abover overground dry weight increased by 26.83%,23.40%,18.19%,root dry weight increased by 27.27%,41.67%,35.00%,respectively;Root-shoot ratio was higher than that of the control group 13.51% and 16.22% aton the 10^th and 20^th day after root irrigatedion;The contents of chlorophyll a,b and chlorophyll（a+b）were 9.88%,12.90% and 10.71% higher than those of CK;Soluble protein content increased by 8.22%;Treatment 3（100 times diluent）showed the same performance as treatment 2,with no significant difference between them（P>0.05）,bothwhich could promote plant growth and development and improve metabolism level.【Conclusion】 Different concentrations of Baitai microbial agents could promote the growth of eggplant seedlings after transplanteding.Combined with cost input,it is more economical and effective to use 300 times diluent in production.

【Objective】 To study the effect of different concentrations of Verticillium dahlia Asp-f2 Like（VdAL）on the fruit quality of Suxiaohong grape.【Methods】 The 4-year old variety Suxiaohong grape was used as the test material,and 5 experimental treatments were set：spraying water on the leaf surface（CK）;The leaf surface was sprayed with VdAL at the concentration ratio of VdAL∶water =1∶15 000,1∶7 500,1∶5 000 and 1∶3 750.The effects of leaf spraying VdAL on horizontal and vertical diameter,single fruit quality,soluble solids content,titratable acid content,total soluble sugar content and VC content of Suxiaohong grape fruit at the late stage of fruit expansion was investigated.【Results】 Spraying different concentrations of VdAL could improve Suxiaohong grape fruit quality,especially the VdAL ratio of 1∶5 000,fruit enlargement after 42 d,the horizontal and vertical diameter of Suxiaohong grape fruit were 31.18%,21.48% higher than that of CK respectively,single fruit quality was 95.59% higher than that of CK,the soluble solids content of fruit was 105.44% higher than that of CK,the titratable acid content of fruit was 44.92% lower than that of CK,the total soluble sugar content of fruit was 34.89% higher than that of CK,the VC content of fruit was 51.12% higher than that of CK.【Conclusion】 Suitable concentration of VdAL could significantly improve the fruit quality of Suxiaohong grape.

【Objective】 To study the effect of drought stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Elymus sibiricus at seedling stage,so as to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and production of Elymus sibiricus.【Methods】 Wild Elymus sibiricus and two Elymus sibiricus strains as materials,the effects of PEG-6000 stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Elymus sibiricus at seedling stage were observed by simulating drought stress with different PEG-6000 concentrations.【Results】 With the increase of PEG-6000 concentration,the Y（Ⅱ）,Fv/Fm,Fm and qP values of three kinds of Elymus sibiricus leaves decreased,and the Fo and qN values increased;the decrease of Fv/Fm values and the increase of Fo values of new strain Elymus sibiricus were smaller than those of Hulun Buir Elymus sibiricus and Chuancao No.2 Elymus sibiricus.【Conclusion】 The drought resistance ability of new strain Elymus sibiricus was stronger.

【Objective】 To make full use of climatic resources and meteorological conditions,avoid the risk of meteorological disasters,the production of agricultural spring sowing is guided by relying on meteorological numerical forecast products with high temporal and spatial resolution and forecast accuracy.【Methods】 We selected six of Inner Mongolia agricultural meteorological station for maize,spring wheat,potato,soybeans sowing date,and the field sowing progress data of maize in Songshan District and potato in Ongniud Banner to be used in this research.In addition,the observation data of farmland soil moisture during spring sowing,and daily meteorological observation data of precipitation,soil temperature and spring soil thawing depth of corresponding stations were used as well.Four sub-model of meteorological suitability for sowing,including soil moisture,soil temperature,thawing depth of soil and weather conditions were determined for the four meteorological indicators in sub-models of maize,spring wheat,potato,and soybean by using fuzzy membership function.【Results】 The meteorological indexes of maize,spring wheat,potato and soybean in the four sub-models were determined,the comprehensive evaluation model of field crop seeding meteorological suitability was established by analytic hierarchy process,and the classification standard of seeding meteorological suitability was established.【Conclusion】 The evaluation indexes selected and the evaluation model constructed could objectively reflect the influence of meteorological conditions on spring sowing.

【Objective】 To analyze and evaluate the land use in Tunchang County of Hainan Province by using remote sensing mapping.【Methods】 The GF-2 multi-spectral 4-meter and panchromatic 1-meter images in Hainan were used to extract the land cover types.After the data preprocessing,the vegetation index NDVI,NDWI and SAVI wer constructed on eCongnition software platform as well as the rule set by using object-based classification approach,combining with multi-scale segmentation algorithm.And then four types of land objects,i.e.woodland,water body,impervious surface and other vegetation were gradually extracted from the image.【Results】 The results of extracting forest land and water body were better,and NDVI contributes more for the recognition of forest land and other vegetation.The introduction of NDWI index could solve the difficult problem of shallow water identification in urban areas and surrounding areas,and had achieved good classification results.Through setting SAVI threshold,urban impervious surface and road could be classified better,but some bare land and impervious surface were easy to be confused.The classification results were 12.392 km² of impervious surface,2.534 km² of water,8.519 km² of woodland and 7.690 km² of other vegetation respectively【Conclusion】 The multi-scale segmentation algorithm and multi-index extraction method based on eCongnition software had the characteristics of high efficiency and easy operation,and were suitable for applicating on regional scale.