【Objective】To explore the accumulation of deoxynivalenol（DON） in the kernels of different wheat varieties under natural disease conditions and the effect on Fuasrium diseased kernel rate（FDK） and test weight，so as to provide reference for breeding wheat varieties resistant to Fuasrium.【Methods】The content of DON，3A-DON（3-acetyldeoxynivalenol） and 15A-DON（15-acetyldeoxynivalenol） in the kernels of 65 wheat varieties from different sources were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） to analyze the difference in Fuasrium diseased kernel rate（FDK） and test weight （TW） under different DON content.【Results】The FDK of the 65 wheat varieties ranged from 0.20% to 7.80%. The content of DON was 0.11 to 4.26 mg/kg. The test weight was 703.00 to 791.70 g/L. With correlation coefficients of 0.514，0.549，0.529 and 0.521，respectively，FDK was significantly positively correlated with the contents of DON，3A-DON，15A-DON and DON-Total（P<0.01），and was significantly negatively correlated with test weight（P<0.05），with correlation coefficients of -0.254. With correlation coefficients of 0.999，0.911 and 0.899，respectively，the kernel contents of DON，3A-DON，15A-DON had significant positive correlation（P<0.01） with DON-Total，and significant negative correlation with test weight（P<0.01），with correlation coefficients of -0.502，-0.504 and -0.481，respectively. In terms of the source of the varieties，the kernel accumulation of DON was lowest in Jiangsu（1.51 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（2.06 mg/kg），Henan（2.75 mg/kg） and Shandong（2.98 mg/kg）. The content of 3A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu（0.047 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（0.075 mg/kg），Shandong（0.111 mg/kg） and Henan（0.113 mg/kg）. The content of 15A-DON was lowest in Jiangsu（0.059 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（0.090 mg/kg），Shandong（0.132 mg/kg）and Henan（0.141 mg/kg）. The content of DON-Total was lowest in Jiangsu（1.61 mg/kg），followed by Anhui（2.23 mg/kg），Henan（3.00 mg/kg）and Shandong（3.23 mg/kg）. The number and proportion of varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg in wheat kernels were as follows：Anhui（18，64.29%）>Jiangsu（13，61.90%）>Shandong（2，22.22%）>Henan（1，14.29%）. The average test weight was highest in Jiangsu（758.57 g/L），followed by Anhui（751.90 g/L），Henan（739.71 g/L） and Shandong（735.27 g/L）. In terms of the characteristics of different varieties，eight wheat varieties with DON no more than 2 mg/kg and test weight no less than 770.00 g/L were selected. Among these，there were seven semi winter varieties including Huaimai 40，Huaimai 44，Nongmai 152，Quanmai 725，Womai No. 9，Xunong 029 and Huaimai 45，one spring variety，Guohong No. 6.【Conclusion】The kernel FDK，DON contents and test weight of the 65 wheat varieties were quite different. With the increase of FDK，the kernel accumulation of 3A-DON，15A-DON and DON-Total increased gradually，and the average test weight decreased. Huaimai 40，Huaimai 44，Nongmai 152，Quanmai 725，Womai No.9，Xunong 029，Huaimai 45，and Guohong No. 6 had better resistance to Fuasrium disease.

【Objective】To investigate the relationship between Platanus acerifolia expression level of COL5 homologous genes and dormancy regulation.【Methods】COL5 in the CO-Like gene family was selected as the research object. Gene-specific primers were used to amplify the full length of COL5 homologous genes in Platanus acerifolia adult plants. Platanus acerifolia annual seedling regulation experiment of dormancy environment was used to analyze the expression pattern of the genes under the conditions of short day light alone（24 ℃，8 h/16 h），low temperature alone（8 ℃，12 h/12 h），or low temperature and short day light（8 ℃，8 h/16 h）.【Results】The full length of PaCOL5-1 was 1 444 bp，including 1 134 bp CDS region，which was presumed to encode 377 amino acids. The full length of PaCOL5-2 was 1 371 bp，including 1 131 bp CDS region，which was presumed to encode 376 amino acids. The full length of PaCOL5-3 was 1 186 bp，including 1 125 bp CDS region，which was presumed to encode 374 amino acids. Low temperature alone inhibited the expression of PaCOL5-1. Both PaCOL5-1 and PaCOL5-3 responded to low temperature and short day light conditions，and had a peak after 7 d treatment. The response of PaCOL5-2 to low temperature and short day light conditions was not obvious.【Conclusion】PaCOL5-1，PaCOL5-2，and PaCOL5-3 had different gene expression levels in response to a single environmental stimulus. PaCOL5-1 and PaCOL5-3 genes may be involved in the response of dormant environmental factors.

Introducing tropical and subtropical maize varieties is a good strategy to expand the maize germplasm resources in China. However the exchange and use of maize germplasm resources at various latitudes of temperate，tropical，and subtropical regions are hampered by the variation in how maize germplasm reacts to day length and photoperiod. In recent years，maize photoperiodic pathway related genes have been continuously studied and cloned，but more research is needed to understand the photoperiodic regulatory network and molecular mechanisms. This paper summarized the genetic characteristics of maize photoperiod sensitivity and the mapping of photoperiod related genes，explained the cloning and function of maize photoperiodic pathway related genes with reference to Arabidopsis and rice，in order to provide reference for the research on regulation network and molecular mechanism of maize photoperiodic pathway.

【Objective】To clarify the differences in bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil planted with Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L. and the first hybrid generation on sandy dark chestnut soil in Inner Mongolia. Also clarify the mechanisms of interaction between environmental factors and the bacterial community.【Methods】The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to perform high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial community 16S rRNA gene in rhizosphere soil planted with Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L.，and the first hybrid generation（Elymus sibiricus Linn. as male parent and Elymus canadensis L. as female parent）. Bioinformatics analysis was used to compare the structure and diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of the three plant species，as well as the correlation between bacterial composition and soil chemical indicators.【Results】Shannon-Wiener index，ACE index and Chao1 index of Elymus sibiricus Linn. rhizosphere soil bacterial community were the highest，while Simpson index of Elymus canadensis L. rhizosphere soil bacterial community was the highest. The common dominant phyla of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of the three plant species were Actinobacteria，Proteobacteria，Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The dominant phyla of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Elymus sibiricus Linn. and the first hybrid generation was Bacteroidete. The common dominant genus of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of the three plant species was Arthrobacter. The dominant genera of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Elymus sibiricus Linn.，Elymus canadensis L. and the first hybrid generation were Shewanella，Nocardioides and norank-f-JG30-KF-CM45，respectively. In the rhizosphere soil of the three plant species，the pH value of Elymus canadensis L. rhizosphere soil was the lowest，and the contents of available nitrogen，available phosphorus and organic matter in Elymus sibiricus Linn. rhizosphere soil were the highest. Soil organic matter with Pseudomonas，norank-f-norank-o-Subgroup-7 and Subgroup-10，available nitrogen with Mycobacterium，available phosphorus with norank-f-norank-o-SBR1031，norank-f-norank-o-Subgroup-7，Subgroup-10，norank-f-A4b were all significant positively correlated. Soil organic matter with norank-f-norank-o-Gaiellales，Gaiella and norank-f-Gemmatimonadacea，available phosphorus with norank-f-norank-o-Gaiellales，Gaiella and norank-f-Ilumatobacteraceae were both significantly negatively correlated.【Conclusion】The rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure of the first hybrid generation were similar with Elymus canadensis L.，but quite different with Elymus sibiricus Linn.. The diversity of soil bacterial community structure were affected by soil chemical indicators and plant species.

【Objective】To find the optimal fertilization method through research on the diurnal variation of millet′s photosynthetic properties throughout the filling stage. To provide a reference for improving the production and industrial growth of side crops in Ordos City，Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In the test site at Shagedu，Junggar Banner，using Jinmiao K1 as test variety，five fertilization treatments were set up：phosphorus and potassium fertilizer（PK，blank），nitrogen-phosphorus and potassium fertilizer（NPK，control），replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with sheep manure（N+SM），replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer（N+BM），and replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with slow-release compound fertilizer（N+HM）. The membrane side planting was used to analyse the differences in millet leaf area，diurnal variations in photosynthetic properties during filling stage and yield.【Results】The leaf area of Jinmiao K1 in N+BM treatment was higher than that in other treatments after jointing stage. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of different treatments showed bimodal curve change and had photosynthetic midday break. The net photosynthetic rate of N+BM treatment was the highest at 17.5 μmol/（m²·s）. The highest transpiration rate of each treatment appeared from 12：00 to 14：00. The diurnal variation of intercellular CO₂ concentration showed a‘V’ shaped trend. The intercellular CO₂ concentration in N+BM treatment was the lowest at 39.2 mmol/（m²·s）. The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of each treatment had the same trend with the lowest value appeared from 12：00 to 14：00. At 12：00，the stomatal conductance of N+BM treatment was 33.3% lower than that of NPK treatment. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with the transpiration rate，and extreme significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance. The grain yield of N+BM treatment reached 5 122 kg/hm²，which was 16.2% higher than that of NPK treatment.【Conclusion】Replacing 20% of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer improved the photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation capacity of millet in the later stage，increased yield，was a suitable fertilization method in Ordos City.

【Objective】The effects of microbial fertilizer mixed with chicken manure on the growth of apple seedlings and the improvement of saline-alkali soil in apple field were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in apple field in Gansu Province.【Methods】Five treatments were set up：no fertilizer（blank，T0），single microbial fertilizer（control，T1），50 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T2），75 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T3），100 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer（T4）. At 30，60，90，and 120 d，the effects of various treatments on apple seedling development，root activity and soil pH value，total salt content，bulk density，enzyme activities were studied.【Results】Combined application of chicken manure and microbial fertilizer，the leaf area of apple seedling leaves had no significant change（P>0.05）. At 120 d，in T4 treatment，the leaf SPAD value of apple seedling was the largest，15.75% and 12.88% higher than that in T0 and T1 treatment，respectively. The soil total salt content，pH value，and bulk density were the lowest， 15.51%，6.53%，and 23.82% lower than T0 treatment，and 14.20%，3.49%，and 20.34% lower than T1 treatment，respectively. At 120 d，in T3 treatment，apple seedling had the highest root activity，12.15% and 4.41% higher than those in the T0 and T1 treatments，respectively. The ALP activity，S-UE activity and NAG activity of saline-alkali soil in apple field were the highest，increased by 65.52%，29.96% and 116.38% respectively compared with T0 treatment and 17.07%，14.95% and 34.23% respectively compared with T1 treatment.【Conclusion】The growth of apple seedlings and saline-alkali soil were improved by the treatments of 75 g/（kg soil） chicken manure+microbial fertilizer and 100 g/（kg soil）chicken manure+microbial fertilizer. The longer the treatment period，the more pronounced the effects on apple seedling growth and soil improvement were.

【Objective】To find the optimum nitrogen application rate of Brassica oleracea var. capitata for high efficient cultivation in the cold area of central Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The total amount control experiment of nitrogen fertilizer for Brassica oleracea var. capitata was conducted in Wuchuan County，Inner Mongolia. Using Zhonggan 628 as the experimental variety，five different nitrogen application treatments were set up，including nitrogen free zone（T1），70% optimized nitrogen zone（T2），optimized nitrogen zone（T3），130% optimized nitrogen zone（T4）and 160% optimized nitrogen zone（T5）. The yield，commercial net vegetable rate，commercial characters and economic benefits of Brassica oleracea var. capitata under different treatments were compared and analyzed.【Results】The commercial net vegetable yield of T4 treatment was the highest at 96 878.8 kg/hm²，followed by T3 treatment at 96 313.1 kg/hm²，and increased by 27.78% and 27.03% respectively compared with T1 treatment. The commercial net vegetable rate of T3 treatment was the highest at 78.24%，followed by T2 treatment at 77.32%. The plant development increased as the nitrogen fertilizer application increased，with T5 treatment having the highest growth at 42.78 cm，18.24% higher than T1 treatment. The single bulb weight of commercial plant in T4 treatment was the highest at 2.10 kg，followed by T3 treatment at 1.99 kg，33.76% and 26.75% higher than that in T1 treatment，respectively. The net income added value of T3 treatment was the highest at 21 644.6 yuan/hm²，with a production ratio of 1.0∶7.4，followed by T4 treatment at 21 455.0 yuan/hm²，with a production ratio of 1.0∶5.6. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in T3 treatment was the highest at 45.54 kg/kg，followed by T4 treatment at 36.00 kg/kg.【Conclusion】In order to promote the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency，the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate of Brassica oleracea var. capitata in the cold area of central Inner Mongolia was 450 kg/hm².

Saline-alkali soil is a type of reserved farmland or grassland resource with poor or no productivity due to its physical，chemical properties and fertility issues，but has potential for improvement. The waste liquid created by laboratory during testing and analysis is known as the laboratory liquid waste，which is typically very acidic yet contains lots of nutrients. This paper described the current state of saline-alkali soil improvement and resource utilization as well as the sources and characteristics of laboratory liquid waste，introduced harmless treatment options for laboratory waste liquid，as well as the potential and specific cases of laboratory acidic waste liquid practical application in saline-alkali soil improvement，finally，looked forward to the application prospects of harmless treatment and resource utilization of laboratory waste liquid.

【Objective】To understand the physiological response of Cyperus esculentus and Glycine max seedlings to wind-blown sand flow.【Methods】In Horqin sandy land in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，a portable outdoor sand wind tunnel was utilized to imitate wind-blown sand flow. Four intensities of 0（CK），7，10，and 15 m/s were set to analyse the effects of wind-blown sand flow on the membrane lipid peroxidation，protective enzyme system，and osmotic adjustment substances of Cyperus esculentus and Glycine max seedlings.【Results】Under the stress of wind-blown sand flow，the malondialdehyde（MDA）content in Cyperus esculentus and Glycine max seedlings increased significantly（P<0.05），and membrane lipid peroxidation damage occurred. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），catalase（CAT）and peroxidase（POD）in Cyperus esculentus seedlings were 62.6，62.5 and 27.1 U/g respectively under wind-blown sand flow intensity of 15 m/s，which were significantly increased compared with the intensity of 7 m/s（P<0.05）. The activities of three protective enzymes in Glycine max seedlings had no significant difference between CK and wind-blown sand flow intensity of 15 m/s（P>0.05）. The content of proline（Pro）and soluble sugar in Cyperus esculentus seedlings increased with the increase of wind-blown sand flow intensity. Compared with CK，the content of Pro in Glycine max seedlings increased significantly（P<0.05），while the content of soluble sugar had no significant changes（P>0.05）.【Conclusion】The wind-blown sand flow stress effectively activated the protective enzyme system of Cyperus esculentus seedlings，and played a role in mitigating the membrane lipid peroxidation damage. The protective enzymes of Glycine max seedlings had limited response to wind-blown sand flow stress and did not play a protective role. Pro and soluble sugar together played an osmotic adjustment role in the seedlings of Cyperus esculentus. While in Glycine max seedlings Pro played an important role in osmotic adjustment.

【Objective】To assess the degree of Phytophthora resistance of pepper germplasm resources and examine the indoor antifungal activity of common chemical agents against Phytophthora capsici，in order to provide guidance for the prevention and control of Phytophthora.【Methods】The resistance of 28 pepper germplasm resources to Phytophthora capsici was evaluated by root inoculation. The sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici S90 to 16 common fungicides in the market was analyzed by mycelial growth rate method.【Results】The disease resistance of different pepper germplasm resources was significantly different，and the disease index was 0-100. Among them，the disease index of C164，C186，C167，C189，Beixing No.1 and Beixing No. 6 was 0，showing high resistance，accounting for 21.43% of the total resources. There were 1 medium resistant and 21 highly susceptible materials，accounting for 3.57% and 75.00% of the total resources，respectively. Among the 16 fungicides，the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory activity of P. capsici S90，with EC₅₀ value at 6.935 0 mg/L. The EC₅₀ values of iprodione，carbendazim，myclobutanil，ethylicin and pyraclostrobin were 21.504 7 to 93.587 8 mg/L. The EC₅₀ values of other fungicides were all greater than 100 mg/L，among which，fluopyramotri·floxystrobin and chlorobromoisocy anuric acid had no inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90.【Conclusion】In the tested pepper germplasm resources，there were six varieties with high Phytophthora capsici resistance. Among the 16 fungicides tested，the suspension of 32% pyraclostrobin·fluopicolide had the highest inhibitory effect on P. capsici S90. Iprodione，carbendazim，myclobutanil，ethylicin and pyraclostrobin also had some inhibitory activities that could be used as effective fungicides for controlling Phytophthora.

【Objective】To identify the characteristics of rust pathogens in Hemerocallis citrina and the rust resistance of different Hemerocallis citrina varieties.【Methods】32 Hemerocallis citrina rust samples were collected from Hunan Province，Gansu Province，Shaanxi Province and Jiangsu Province. The uredinium and urediniospores of Hemerocallis citrina were observed and measured under microscope. One of the Hemerocallis citrina rust sample（yx-30）was then selected and the telia and teliospores were observed and measured. The rust resistance of 50 samples of Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources to strain yx-26 was identified by artificial inoculation.【Results】The uredinium of Hemerocallis citrina rust samples were mostly on the abaxial side of leaves，forming orange or yellow-brown spots with diameters of 0.28-1.96 mm. The urediniospores were almost spherical or oval，yellow and unicellular and 16.0 to 21.5 μm by 17.2 to 32.4 μm in size. The wall thickness was 1 to 3 μm. The telia of Hemerocallis citrina rust sample was dark brown and flocculent. The teliospores were oval，rod-shaped，yellow，bicellular，with constriction in the middle，and shaped like gourd. The size was 68.0 to 81.0 μm by 19.4 to 22.2 μm. The length of sporocyst stalk was 11 to 16 μm. The rust resistance to yx-26 strain of the 50 Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources were 11 cultivars with high resistance，21 cultivars with moderate resistance，8 cultivars susceptible，and 10 cultivars highly susceptible.【Conclusion】The morphological characteristics of uredinium of Hemerocallis citrina were similar，while the morphological sizes of urediniospores were slightly different. The telia of Hemerocallis citrina rust sample was dark brown and flocculent. The teliospores were yellow，bicellular and shaped like gourd. The rust-resistant varieties accounted for 3/5 of the 50 samples of Hemerocallis citrina germplasm resources，which could provide reference for the planting of rust resistant varieties of Hemerocallis citrina in different regions.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of various chemical and biological agents on potato Fusarium wilt and yield in field.【Methods】In a randomized blocks design，30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS（600，750，900 mL/hm²），Beinong No. 13 FSC（33.00，41.25，55.05 mL/hm²），40% thiophanate-methyl·fludioxonil FS（300.0，400.5，600.0 mL/hm²），Kunyijian microbial agent（1 125 g/hm²）and Yipu microbial agent（3 375 g/hm²） were set as test treatments and no treatment as control. Seedling emergence rate，disease control efficacy and yield were investigated and the traits differences were analyzed by software.【Results】There were no significant differences among treatments and the control（P>0.05），with all seedling emergence rate over 94.00% indicating no inhibition on patoto. 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS in 900 mL/hm² spray treatment and the seed dressing treatment of Beinong No. 13 FSC in 55.05 mL/hm² showed best control effect on the disease，with the control efficiency of 66.70% and 64.60%，respectively. The control efficiency of Kunyijian microbial agent and Yipu microbial agent were 59.66% and 58.00%，respectively. 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS in 900 mL/hm² spray and Kunyijian microbial agent treatment showed the biggest yield promotion effect with yield increased at 289.03，202.95 kg/hm² and yield promotion rate at 19.50% and 15.28%，respectively. While yield and yield promotion rate of 40% thiophanate-methyl·fludioxonil FS in 300.0 mL/hm² were 60.03 kg/hm² and 3.70%，respectively.【Conclusion】The agents were safe to potato. The spraying treatment of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol AS in 900 mL/hm²，seed dressing treatment of Beinong No. 13 FSC in 55.05 mL/hm²，and seed dressing treatment of Kunyijian microbial in 1 125 g/hm² showed higher control efficiency and yield promotion effect which will be effective agents for potato Fusarium wilt control.

【Objective】To screen fresh tomato varieties suitable for planting in Ordos，Inner Mongolia，and to provide reference for the establishment of a sensory quality evaluation system for tomato fruit.【Methods】The five sensory quality indices of the 19 fresh tomato varieties（10 cherry tomato varieties and 9 large tomato varieties）introduced to Ordos in 2022 were evaluated using the questionnaire survey combined with comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A questionnaire survey on the taste of tomatoes was conducted at the same time to confirm the rationality of the evaluation index and weight.【Results】The sensory quality evaluation scores of 10 cherry tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，Kiwi tomato，Mizhu No. 3，Qianxi，Hanghuangying No. 1，Hangcaiying No. 1，Hangfenying No. 6，Zicaixia tomato. The sensory quality evaluation scores of 9 large tomato varieties were ranked from high to low as Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，Provence，Milumifen，Xiutailang，Youshi No. 3，Tianmi 199，Antares. The reason for desirable flavor was “moderate sweet and sour”. The reason for undesirable taste was “thick skin”.【Conclusion】Cherry tomato Fengzhu，Jinbeibei，Fushan 88，and Kiwi tomato，large tomato Hangfengaotang，Xiangfei No. 9，Agatha 505，and Provence had better sensory quality and were recommended for promotion. The sensory quality evaluation index and weight settings were relatively reasonable.

【Objective】To shorten the regeneration cycle of Cucurbita pepo L. and obtain tissue culture seedlings with strong disease resistance.【Methods】Several Cucurbita pepo L. varieties were used as experimental materials and germinated on MS medium（30.0 g/L sucrose and 6.5 g/L agar）for 3 d. The germination rates，contamination rates and bud lengths of different Cucurbita pepo L. varieties were analyzed. Using Hongchang 211 as the research object，in vitro rapid propagation was used to examine the effects of various cotyledon explant types and sizes，hormone ratios，and seedling cultivation techniques on in vitro regeneration of Cucurbita pepo L..【Results】In the seed germination test of different Cucurbita pepo L. varieties，Hongchang 211 had higher germination rate，more seeds with bud length exceeding 3 cm and lowest contamination rate. Using Hongchang 211 as the tissue culture material，taken 1/2 cotyledons close to the hypocotyl as explants had the best induction results. The primary culture hormone ratio of 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L TDZ（thidiazuron）resulted in the highest plant height（3.423 cm）and largest plant width（4.565 cm）. When the ratio of rooting hormone was 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA，the root length was the longest（5.72 cm），the root weight was the heaviest（0.602 g），the average number of roots was the largest（5.62），and the rooting rate was the highest（100%）. When the plant had 5 true leaves，the artificial climate chamber was partially opened for 1 d then fully opened for 1 d，the survival rate of transplanting reached 97.75%. After 60 d of transplanting，the disease indexes of powdery mildew and virus disease between tissue cultured seedlings and conventional seedlings were significantly different（P<0.05）. The regeneration cycle for tissue culture seedlings were roughly 45 d.【Conclusion】The tissue culture seedlings of Cucurbita pepo L. variety Hongchang 211 had short regeneration cycle and high disease resistance. The optimal ratio of primary culture hormone was 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L TDZ and the optimal ratio of rooting hormone was 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA. The plants had best transplanting result when they had 5 true leaves，the artificial climate chamber had been partially opened for 1 d then fully opened for 1 d.

【Objective】To analyse the causes of the contradiction between the coordinated development of rural economy and ecological environment in Liping County，Guizhou Province，and to provide a theoretical framework for the coordinated development of rural economy and ecological environment protection.【Methods】An evaluation index system for the coordination of rural economy and ecological environment was constructed based on the economic and social statistical data of Liping County，Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2020. The level of coordination between the development of the rural economy and the ecological environment was analyzed and evaluated using the entropy weighting method and the coupling coordination model.【Results】In Liping County，the comprehensive evaluation indices for the rural economy and ecological environment were 0 to 0.90 and 0.10 to 0.13 respectively，indicating an increase trend. The growth of the rural economy were ahead of the conservation of the ecological environment. The development of rural economy and ecological environment in Liping County bordered by 2015，had gone through two stages：phased imbalance and coordinated and coupled development. The coupling degree of the two systems ranged from 0.196 to 0.584 and their state of coupling was improving. The coupling coordination degree ranged from 0.096 04 to 0.752 64，with high coupling coordination degree and strong interaction degree.【Conclusion】The coordination degree of rural economy and ecological environment in Liping County had gradually changed from severe imbalance to moderate level of coordination. It is currently in the period of coupling adaptation. Economic growth was now being constrained by the ecological environment. To achieve sustainable development of the rural economy，the interaction between rural economic development and environmental preservation should be well coordinated in the future.

【Objective】By exploring the impact of changes in vegetation coverage on the area of Daihai Lake，clarify the relationship between the mode and scope of human production activities and wetland changes，provide a theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of lake protection planning.【Methods】The research area was the basin formed by the main tributaries of Daihai Lake. Based on seven sets of remote sensing data of the area from 1990 to 2020，the impact of vegetation change on the surface area of the Daihai Lake was analyzed using gravity center migration analysis，land type transfer matrix and correlation analysis.【Results】From 1990 to 2020，the surface area of Daihai Lake had a declining trend，which was 110.833 0 km² in 1990 and 48.122 5 km² in 2020，decreased by 62.710 5 km². Prior to 2005，the gravity centre of the lake surface shifted rapidly to the northeast，and gradually moved to north by west after 2005. With correlation coefficients of -0.90，-0.90，-0.93 and -0.86，respectively，the area change of Daihai Lake was significantly negatively correlated with dry land，herbaceous cover，irrigated cropland and forest，and significantly positively correlated with grassland and sparse vegetation，with correlation coefficients of 0.82 and 0.80 respectively. The area of dry land，herbaceous cover，irrigated cropland and grassland within 1 km around Daihai Lake had high correlations with the area change of Daihai Lake，with correlation coefficients of -0.95，-0.94，-0.96 and 0.92 respectively.【Conclusion】The destruction of the native grassland vegetation by agricultural reclamation within 1 km around Daihai Lake was the primary production activity that contributed to the decrease in Daihai Lake′s surface area.

【Objective】Understand the research status，research context and research hotspots of Chinese farmer professional cooperatives in order to provide reference for researchers in the field.【Methods】Using the bibliometric method，taking the core journal papers in the CNKI database and CSSCI journal papers as the main data sources，statistical analysis was made on the number of publications，authors，publishing institutions and keywords in the field of farmer professional cooperatives from January 2000 to July 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R2 software was used to visually analyze the authors′ coauthorship，cooperative units，keywords and emerging words.【Results】The number of papers in the field of farmer professional cooperatives in China was in an inverted “V” shape，which could be divided into three stages：2000—2005，2006—2013 and 2014—2022. There was minimal institutional cooperation in the field，and no complex or in-depth cooperation had been formed. The research content in the field in China mainly focused on the policy and development of farmer professional cooperatives，the financing and governance structure of cooperatives，the performance evaluation of cooperatives and the factors affecting their performance. The research hotspots had gradually changed from financing，influencing factors and performance evaluation of farmer professional cooperatives to rural revitalization.【Conclusion】Although research in the field of farmer professional cooperatives in China has entered a mature stage，further research is still required.

【Objective】To explore the research hotspots and future research directions of Illicium through searching and analyzing the relevant literatures on China National Knowledge Internet（CNKI）.【Methods】The relevant research literatures on Illicium in CNKI from 1990 to 2021 were sorted out by bibliometric method. 815 valid literatures were screened. VOSviewer software were used to statistical and visual analyse from 7 aspects including，the annual distribution，research level distribution（including discipline classification and project support funding），citation frequency，publishing journals，authors distribution，organizations with publication numbers in the Top 18 and keywords co-occurrence network analysis.【Results】In 1996 and 2006，the publications on Illicium collected by CNKI reached a small peak，with 18 and 30 papers respectively. After that，the volatility increased. The third peak was in 2009 with 57 papers. In 2014，there was a historical peak of 65 papers. The average number of publications from 2017 to 2021 was 42. In terms of subject classicfication，publications on Chinese pharmacy（313 papers），general chemical industry（135 papers）and light industry handicraft industry（130 papers）were the most. There were 274 papers supported by research fund，accounting for 33.62% of the total. 440 publications had been cited，accounting for 53.99% of the total. In terms of publishing journals，Chinese Condiment，Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Herbal Medicine were published more frequently with 45，16 and 14 papers published respectively. In terms of the authors，LIN Qi from the Institute of Botany，Chinese Academy of Sciences and MIAO Jianhua from the Guangxi Institute of Medicinal Plants published most，with 14 papers each. The organizations with most number of publications were Guangxi University，Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangxi Forestry Research Institute，with 36，13 and 12 papers，respectively. Keywords co-occurrence network analysis showed that the publication on Illicium mainly focused on Illicium verum，including the research on volatile oil and biological activity.【Conclusion】Currently，the research hotspots of Illicium are mainly focused on basic research，such as Illicium verum，volatile oil，and antibacterial and analgesic drugs.