【Objective】To investigate the effects of tillage practices，irrigation amount and their interaction on the growth，development and yield of wheat.【Methods】Two factors，tillage practices and irrigation amount were set in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia. Four tillage practices，rotary tillage straw mulching conventional sowing（XG），straw mulching no tillage sowing（MG），traditional tilling（CT）and subsoiling straw mulching（SS），and five irrigation levels，900，1 350，1 800，2 250 and 2 700 m³/hm² were set to determine wheat seedling rate，plant height，leaf area index，yield traits and grain yield. In addition，the interactions between the indexes were analyzed.【Results】With average seedling rate of 96.55%，MG had the highest seedling rate. Except for CT，under XG，MG and SS treatment，wheat plant height at maturity increased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount，with the maximum of 93.52，95.67 and 94.00 cm，respectively. The wheat leaf area index was affected by tillage practices，and was significantly（P<0.05）different under different irrigation amount. Under different tillage practices the five irrigation levels had different effect on the growth and development of wheat. The wheat yield under MG treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments（P<0.05），and the maximum yield was 8 152.63 kg/hm² under irrigation amount of 2 700 m³/hm²，followed by the yield of 6 493.55 kg/hm² at irrigation amount of 2 250 m³/hm².【Conclusion】In Chifeng City，straw mulching no tillage sowing along with irrigation of 1 350-2 250 m³/hm² for wheat planting could achieve water conservation and productive yield improvement.

【Objective】To explore the effects of salt and drought stress on Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination，and to provide references for the study of artificial cultivation and stress tolerance of Allium mongolicum Regel.【Methods】Taking Allium mongolicum Regel seeds as test material，different concentrations of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ neutral salt mix solution and PEG-6000 solution were used to simulate salt and drought stress. The germination rate，germination potential，germination index and vitality index were tested. The functional equation created by the relative germination rate and each treatment concentration was used to determine the seed tolerance.【Results】Allium mongolicum Regel seeds germination indicators gradually decreased as salt and drought stress increased，and the initial germination time delayed. When the salt concentration was 75 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L，seeds germination time delayed to the day 3 and day 5，respectively，and the germination rate fell to 23.33% and 12.66%，respectively. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was 15% and 20%，the seeds germination time delayed to day 3 and day 4，respectively，and germination rate fell to 38.66% and 25.33%，respectively. The salt tolerance and drought resistance semi-lethal osmotic potentials were -0.20 MPa and -3.80 MPa，and the salt tolerance and drought resistance limit osmotic potentials were -0.60 MPa and -7.38 MPa，respectively.【Conclusion】The seeds germination of Allium mongolicum Regel was not significantly suppressed under mild drought stress，with drought tolerance limit osmotic potential of -7.38 MPa. Low-permeability salt solution significantly inhibited Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination，with salt tolerance limit osmotic potential of -0.60 MPa.

【Objective】Analyzing the heterotic pattern of superior maize breeding lines L239 and L7221 to reveal the genetic resources of superior varieties and to provide reference for maize breeding in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. 【Methods】The genetic diversity of L239 and L7221 in 42 maize inbred lines was analyzed by SSR molecular marker technology to determine the heterosis pattern of maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region.【Results】Analysis of 42 maize inbred lines showed that the allele number of the 56 primers was 2-9，and the polymorphism information content was 0.43-0.86. The genetic distance between L239 and CA375 was shortest at 0.50. The genetic distance between L7221，LX9801 and Nongda 178 were shorter at 0.43 and 0.56，respectively. According to the genetic similarity analysis of 42 maize inbred lines，L7221 mainly belonged to Tangsipingtou group，and L239 mainly had closer relationship with the germplasm resources of the improved Reid group.【Conclusion】L7221 was closer to many inbred lines of Tangsipingtou group，and L239 was closer to many inbred lines of improved Reid group. The L239 and L7221 heterosis pattern was improved Reid group×Tangsipingtou group.

Dwarf and density tolerant soybean varieties is one of the important research directions for achieving high yield of soybean. This paper summarized the research progress of germplasm resources of soybean dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties in China and overseas，analyzed the yield components and characteristics of dwarf and density tolerant soybean，and introduced cultivation mode of dwarf and density tolerant soybean. In order to provide reference for the cultivation and application of dwarf and density tolerant soybean.

【Objective】To clarify the abundance-deficiency index of soil K and provide scientific basis for soil testing and potassium fertilizer recommendation of millet. 【Methods】The methods of scattered experimental data integration and the new applied formula based on“nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield” were employed to study the abundance-deficiency index（ADI） of soil K and the recommended potassium fertilizer application rate（RPFAR） for millet.【Results】The ADI of millet soil available K for level 1-4 were ≥257，140-257，76-140 and <76 mg/kg，respectively. The ADI of soil total K for level 1-7 were ≥24，15-24，9-15，5-9，3-5，2-3 and<2 g/kg. When the potassium fertilizer use efficiency in current season（PFUEICS） was 50% and the target yield of grain was 3.00-7.50 t/hm²，the RPFAR for level 1-7 were 0，22-54，43-108，65-162，86-216，108-270 and 130-324 kg/hm²，respectively. When the target yield of hay was 6.0-15.0 t/hm²，the RPFAR for level 1-7 were 0，22-54，43-108，65-162，86-216，108-270 and 130-324 kg/hm²，respectively. When the target yield of silage was 15-45 t/hm²，the RPFAR for level 1-7 were 0，18-54，36-108，54-162，72-216，90-270 and 108-324 kg/hm²，respectively.【Conclusion】Initially established abundance-deficiency index of soil K recommended fertilization systems，which laid a scientific foundation for soil testing and potassium application of millet in China.

【Objective】 To explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of chemical fertilizer application in China，and to ensure the green and high-quality development of agriculture.【Methods】Based on the relevant data of the national chemical fertilizer and planting structure from 2000 to 2020，the driving variables for chemical fertilizer application were broken down，and the impact of each component on chemical fertilizer application was calculated. Using the panel data of 27 Chinese provinces（except Beijing，Tianjin，Shanghai，Tibet，Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan）from 2009 to 2020，an econometric model was built，control relevant variables to analyze the influence of economic development level，planting structure，industrial structure and technical factors on chemical fertilizer application rate. The robustness of the regression results and the cross effects among the factors were verified.【Results】The main driving factor for the decline of chemical fertilizer application in China was planting structure. The impact of fertilizer intensity on chemical fertilizer application rate has been noticeably reduced since the implementation of the chemical fertilizer zero growth action. Economic development level and industrial structure promoted chemical fertilizer application，while technical factors and planting structure inhibited chemical fertilizer application. After taking into account any potential endogenous issues，the regression results remained stable，and there was clear complementarity and substitution between technical factors and other factors.【Conclusion】Chemical fertilizer application rate could be further reduced by improving industrial and planting structures as well as agricultural technologies.

【Objective】To clarify the effects of different microbial inoculants on biomass of continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and soil fungal community structure.【Methods】 Four treatments were set up using A. membranaceus var. mongholicus as test material，ETS compound inoculant（ETS），Doveite antibacterial inoculant（DWTK），multifunctional vitamin bacterial inoculant（WSS）and blank control（CK）. The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was measured. And high-throughput sequencing technology was used to examine the fungal community structure in the soil.【Results】The biomass of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus above ground tissues and roots was significantly（P<0.05）increased by DWTK treatment，with above ground biomass increased by 17.5% and root biomass increased by 18.4%，compared with CK. The three microbial inoculants clearly improved the soil fungal community. Among them，the number of soil fungi OTU in DWTK treatment was substantially higher than that of CK and WSS treatment，and the fungal groups were more abundant. In comparison to the other three treatments，the DWTK treatment significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi Fusarium and increased the abundance of Gibberella.【Conclusion】Doveite antibacterial inoculant effectively improved the structure of rhizosphere fungi community of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus，reduced the number of pathogenic fungi，and increased the number of fungi. It was advantageous to strengthen the continuous cropping A. membranaceus var. mongholicus disease resistance and boost the biomass.

【Objective】To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on strong gluten wheat yield and quality formation and to provide support for the cultivation of high yield and high quality strong gluten wheat.【Methods】The main strong gluten wheat varieties Shiluan 02-1 and Jimai 44 in the Huang-Huai-Hai winter wheat region were used as experimental materials. Three treatments were set：topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at green stage（CK），topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage（T1），topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage + foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage（T2）. The effects of nitrogen topdressing at different stages on flag leaf SPAD value，grain yield and components，grain protein components and dough rheological properties of strong gluten wheat were analyzed.【Results】The flag leaf SPAD value and grain yield of the Shiluan 02-1 and Jimai 44 increased significantly with delayed nitrogen application. The flag leaf SPAD value of T1 and T2 treatments in Shiluan 02-1 was 24.51% and 33.01% higher than that in CK（28 d after anthesis），and the grain yield was 12.86% and 7.76% higher than that in CK，respectively. The flag leaf SPAD value of T1 and T2 treatments of Jimai 44 was 27.38% and 32.30% higher than that in CK（28 d after anthesis），and the grain yield was 8.17% and 3.82% higher than that of CK. Delayed nitrogen application and foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage significantly increased strong gluten wheat glutenin content and the ratio of glutenin and gliadin content（glutenin/gliadin）. The glutenin content of T1 and T2 treatments in Shiluan 02-1 was 5.48% and 16.21% higher than that in CK，and the glutenin/gliadin was 6.45% and 13.98% higher than that in CK，respectively. The glutenin content of T1 and T2 treatments in Jimai 44 was 6.53% and 9.94% higher than that in CK，and the glutenin/gliadin was 4.04% and 13.29% higher than that in CK，respectively. Delayed nitrogen application and foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage significantly affected the rheological properties of strong gluten wheat.【Conclusion】Delayed nitrogen application significantly increased flag leaf SPAD value of strong gluten wheat，delayed leaf senescence，and improved grain yield. Both delayed nitrogen application and foliar fertilizer spraying at flowering stage significantly improved grain quality of strong gluten wheat.

【Objective】To study the influence of nitrogen addition on the productivity of desert steppe under different grazing intensities and to propose effective measures to increase the productivity of desert steppe under different grazing backgrounds.【Methods】In Siziwang Banner，Inner Mongolia，nitrogen addition were conducted on desert steppe that had undergone various grazing intensities with addition levels of 0（CK），7，14 and 21 g/（m²·a）. The effects of historical grazing intensities and years on plant biomass as well as the effects of nitrogen addition on biomass of various functional groups were analyzed. 【Results】Plant community biomass decreased as grazing intensity increased in the drought years，and was highest under moderate grazing in the rainy years. Nitrogen addition promoted the increase of above ground biomass of plant community under light grazing and moderate grazing，with increases of 10%-65% and 15%-35% respectively. Nitrogen addition in the rainy years increased the biomass of perennial bunch grasses under heavy grazing by 13%-23%. The optimum amount of nitrogen addition in the three-year experiment was 7，14 and 21 g/（m²·a） under light grazing，14，14 and 7 g/（m²·a） under moderate grazing，and 21 g/（m²·a） in the first year，with no addition in the following two years under heavy grazing.【Conclusion】Nitrogen addition promoted the increase of plant community biomass under light and moderate grazing. The optimum amount of nitrogen addition to promote the plant community biomass recovery was different under different grazing backgrounds，this relates to community species composition and annual precipitation.

【Objective】To select oat varieties with high aphid resistance，strong production performance and excellent comprehensive performance，to provide theoretical references for the healthy development of the oat industry in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In Shaerqin farming-pastoral test site of Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Tumed Left Banner，Hohhot，taking 17 oat varieties as test materials，the aphid resistance was identified by aphid ratio method. The aphid resistance grade of each variety was determined. And the agronomic traits and yield were used as indicators to compare the differences in production performance of the varieties. Bivariate correlation analysis and systematic cluster analysis were performed using agronomic parameters, yield, and aphid ratio as indicators.【Results】The aphid resistance of the test oat varieties was categorized into 6 grades. Baiyan No.7，Mengyan No.3，Qinghai 444，and Qingyin No.2 had high resistance. Qinghaitian oats and Qingyan No.1 showed medium resistance. Mengsiyan No.2，Lingxiu，Beile，Taiyangshen，and Yellow Oats had low resistance. Bayan No.1 and Bayan No.7 were low susceptible. Bayan No.5 was medium susceptible. Aiwo126，Yanwang and Furuizhi were highly susceptible. The plant height of Baiyan No.7 and Taiyangshen reached over 1.18 m，which was significantly higher than that of Bayan No.7，Lingxiu，Yanwang，Qingyin No.2，Aiwo 126，Furuizhi（P<0.05）. Beile had the highest fresh grass yield （4.34 kg/m²），which was significantly higher（P<0.05） than other varieties except Bayan No.5 and Aiwo 126. Taiyangshen had the highest hay yield（1.69 kg/m²），which was significantly higher（P<0.05）than that of Bayan No.7 and Qingyin No.2. There was no significant difference（P>0.05）in the fresh-to-dry ratio of the 17 oat varieties. Aiwo 126 had the highest（2.98） fresh-to-dry ratio，while Qinghai 444 had the lowest（1.86）. The results of cluster analysis showed that the aphid ratio，plant height and yield performance of different oat varieties varied. The comprehensive performance of class I oat varieties（Qinghaitian oats，Mengyan No.3，Qinghai 444，Baiyan No.7，Lingxiu，Qingyan No.1，Yellow Oats，Taiyangshen，Bayan No.1，Bayan No.5，Bayan No.7，and Mengsiyan No.2） was stronger.【Conclusion】Qinghaitian oats，Mengyan No.3，Qinghai 444，Baiyan No.7，Lingxiu，Qingyan No.1，Yellow Oats，Taiyangshen，Bayan No.1，Bayan No.5，Bayan No.7 and Mengsiyan No.2 had strong aphid resistance，good production performance，and excellent comprehensive performance.They were suitable for planting in Tumed Left Banner in Inner Mongolia.

Apple pesticide residues not only compromise food safety，but also seriously endanger public health. Accurate and rapid detection of pesticide residues is an important means to ensure food safety. This paper reviewed the detection methods of pesticide residues in apple in recent years and introduced traditional detection techniques such as gas chromatography，gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，high performance liquid chromatography，and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，as well as rapid detection techniques including surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy，near infrared spectroscopy，electrochemical method，and several new detectable techniques in the application of pesticide residues detection in apple. Also it look forward to the combination of traditional detection techniques and rapid detection techniques to solve the problem in order to provide technical support for the detection of pesticide residues in apple.

【Objective】To establish in vitro rapid propagation system of edible lily.【Methods】Using tissue culture method with edible lily N82 and N136 bulbs as explants，the optimal disinfection and sterilization methods，the optimal adventitious bud induction，proliferation and rooting medium, and the best transplantation substrate for tissue culture seedlings were chosen.【Results】The disinfection and sterilization methods of the two edible lily cultivars were both immerse the explants in 75% ethanol for 30 s then treated with 3% NaClO solution for 10 min. The optimal adventitious bud induction medium for N82 was MS plus 0.5 mg/L 2，4-D and 1.0 mg/L 6-BA，with induction rate at 90.00%. The optimal proliferation medium was MS plus 0.3 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L TDZ，with proliferation coefficient at 5.66. The optimal rooting medium was MS plus 2.0 mg/L NAA，MS plus 2.0 mg/L IBA and MS plus 0.3 g/L AC，all with rooting rate at 100%. The optimal transplantation substrate for tissue culture seedlings was 1:1 mixture of turf soil : river sand，with 100% survival rate and good seedlings growth. The optimal adventitious bud induction medium for N136 was MS plus 1.0 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L 6-BA，with induction rate at 93.30%. The optimal proliferation medium was MS plus 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L TDZ，with proliferation coefficient at 5.86. The optimal rooting medium was MS plus 0.5 g/L AC，with rooting rate at 100%. The optimal transplantation substrate for tissue culture seedlings was 1:1:1 mixture of turf soil:perlite:river sand，with 100% survival rate.【Conclusion】 For the cultivar N82，the optimal adventitious bud induction medium was MS plus 0.5 mg/L 2，4-D and 1.0 mg/L 6-BA，the optimal proliferation medium was MS plus 0.3 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L TDZ，the optimal rooting medium was MS plus 2.0 mg/L NAA，MS plus 2.0 mg/L IBA and MS plus 0.3 g/L AC，and the optimal transplantation substrate for tissue culture seedlings was 1:1 mixture of turf soil : river sand. For the cultivar N136，the optimal adventitious bud induction medium was MS plus 1.0 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L 6-BA，the optimal proliferation medium was MS plus 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L TDZ，the optimal rooting medium was MS plus 0.5 g/L AC，and the optimal transplantation substrate for tissue culture seedlings was 1:1:1 mixture of turf soil:perlite:river sand.

【Objective】To establish a comprehensive evaluation system of herbaceous peony cultivars，screen cultivars suitable for outdoor cultivation in Suqian City，Jiangsu Province，and provide reference for large-scale introduction and landscape application of herbaceous peony.【Methods】Using 104 herbaceous peony cultivars as the experimental materials，the quantitative evaluation of 11 key traits was carried out from three aspects，adaptability，plant characteristics and ornamental quality by analytic hierarchy process（AHP）.【Results】The weight of adaptability was the largest at 0.539 0，which was more important than plant characteristics and ornamental. 104 cultivars were divided into four grades. 12 cultivars，including Zijinlian，Saifugui and Zifengyu，were at Grade Ⅰ，superior，and were recommended for preferentially application in Suqian City. 45 cultivars，including Dahongpao，Huangyuqiu，and Shaonnyuzhuang，were at Grade Ⅱ，fine，could be used conservatively. 29 cultivars were at Grade Ⅲ and could be used appropriately，including Fencijinyu，Yanzhihong，and Caozhouhong. 18 cultivars，including Tieganzi，Kunshanxiaguang and Luxihong were evaluated as Grade Ⅳ and deemed unsuitable for development and utilization in Suqian City.【Conclusion】12 herbaceous peony cultivars including Zijinlian，Saifugui，Zifengyu，Hongyanyuchun，Xingguangcanlan，Furongronghua，Jiguanzi，Lanchongmeng，Shuiyingchunlan，Yinxianxiuhongpao，Liantaizi and Meiju were selected out of 104 cultivars as being suitable for outdoor cultivation in Suqian City，Jiangsu Province.

【Objective】To understand the current situation and distribution characteristics of the wild poisonous vascular plant resources in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia in order to provide references for the prevention of livestock poisoning as well as the development and utilization of the wild poisonous vascular plant resources in Chifeng City.【Methods】 Field sampling，site visiting，and literature viewing were used to statistically analyze the number of species，water ecotype，life form，habitat type，toxic parts，toxicity，and toxic components of wild poisonous vascular plants in Chifeng City.【Results】In Chifeng City，there were 249 different species of wild poisonous vascular plants that belonged to 64 families and 150 genera，accounting for 95.52%，80.21%，and 70.94% of all the families，genera，and species of poisonous vascular plants in Inner Mongolia. Mesophytes，which made up 200 species belonged to 60 families and 132 genera and accounted for 80.32% of all species，predominated the water ecotype. The majority of the life form consisted of herbaceous plants，which made up 211 species belonged to 47 families and 127 genera，accounted for 84.74% of all species. The habitat types were mainly grassland and meadow，with 130 and 116 species，respectively. In Chifeng City，with 176 species in total，vascular plants that were poisonous across the entire plant were most prevalent. There were 180 species of vascular plants that were moderately toxic，66 species that were slightly toxic，2 species that were highly toxic，and 1 species that were strong vascular toxic plant. The majority of toxic vascular plants containing glycosides and alkaloids as toxic components，with 86 species and 72 species，respectively.【Conclusion】The wild poisonous vascular plant resources were abundant in Chifeng City. Most of the toxic components were glycosides and alkaloids. Stellera chamaejasme was most widely distributed. The comprehensive research and utilization of poisonous vascular plants should be strengthened.

Millet has balanced and high nutritional value. It is both food cereal and premium feed. This paper reviewed domestic and international research on millet primary nutrients，micronutrients，and bioactive substances，and discussed bio-availability and potential health characteristics of millet.It looked ahead to nutritional and economic value of millet，to serve as references for the development and application of its nutritional functions.

【Objective】To calculate the coordination development degree between agriculture and logistics industry in five northwest provinces（regions），analyze the influencing factors，and to provide references for promoting the coordinated development of the two.【Methods】Based on the relevant data of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions） from 2010 to 2020，the coupled coordination degree model was used to estimate the coupled coordination degree between agriculture and logistics industry，and the influencing factors of the coupled coordination degree were analyzed by the grey correlation analysis.【Results】In the past ten years，there had been an upward tendency in the development of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions）. The coupled coordination degree gradually transited from reluctant coordination to primary coordination. From regional perspective，Shaanxi was the first to reach coordination state，and progressing from intermediate coordination to good coordination. Xinjiang had gradually developed from reluctant coordination to intermediate coordination. Ningxia was in mild disorder during the study period. Gansu had developed from reluctant coordination to primary coordination. Qinghai was in moderate disorder during the study period. The analysis results of influencing factors revealed that the correlation degree between economic level，circulation level，resource level，policy support and coupled coordination degree was 0.736 0，0.851 0，0.652 5 and 0.748 5，respectively，and were the key factors influencing the coordinated development between agriculture and logistics industry.【Conclusion】The development of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions） were generally on the rise. Although there were significant gaps in the provinces（regions） and the development levels were still not high. The coordination between the agriculture and logistics industry in the provinces（regions） were in different degree and in the unstable stage. Circulation level had the most significant correlation with the coupled coordination degree of agriculture and logistics industry in the five northwest provinces（regions）.

【Objective】To seek for a simple，rapid and low-cost method of obtaining the phenotypic parameters of plant leaves.【Methods】Taking Solanum muricatum as an example，digital images of detached leaves were taken by scanner，and Image J software was used to measure phenotypic parameters. The results were compared to those obtained using the Digimizer software to verify the reliability of the method. Additionally the impact of image quality（image format and resolution）on software measurement results was also analyzed.【Results】In measuring the leaf area，leaf circumference，leaf length，and leaf width of Solanum muricatum，the standard root mean square errors（NRMSE） of the two software were 0.471%，1.103%，0.391% and 1.662%，respectively. The correlation coefficients were higher than 0.97. The measuring outcomes of the Image J software were somewhat impacted by the image quality. The impact on grayscale format or low resolution images was smaller than that on color format or high resolution images，but the superposition of the two factors will aggravate the impact.【Conclusion】The improved method by using scanner combined with Image J software to measure phenotypic parameters of plant leaves has the advantages of low cost，semi-automatic，quick and accurate as well as batch processing，which provided references for the measurement of phenotypic parameters of plant leaves.