Abstract: Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay was a rapid immunological detection technology that was developed in 1980s after fluorescein, ELISA and radioisotope technology. Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay had been widely applied in medical examination, residual detection of veterinary drug and pesticide in agricultural products, pathogenic microorganism detection in import and export products and other fields because of its good stability, safety and convenient usage , none of instrument and equipment and other disadvantages. The development process, technical principle and application of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay were reviewed, so as to provide references for the related studies.