不同驱虫药对伊犁马驱虫效果及血液生理指标的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2023.02.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]探究不同驱虫药驱虫前后伊犁马粪便中虫卵种类及数量的变化以及驱虫药对马匹血液生理指标的影响。[方法]选择平均体重（265.5±35.6）kg、出生日期相近的1岁伊犁马40匹，随机分为5组，每组8匹，分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组。在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下，试验Ⅰ组给予伊维菌素，试验Ⅱ组给予吡喹酮，试验Ⅲ组给予阿苯达唑，试验Ⅳ组给予伊维菌素和阿苯达唑的混合药剂驱虫，对照组不驱虫。在驱虫前及驱虫后1、2、3、7、14 d采集马匹粪便样本，进行虫卵鉴别与计数，计算寄生虫感染率；驱虫后14 d采集马匹血液样品，测定血液生理指标。[结果]①驱虫后14 d，除对照组粪便中虫卵种类和数量较多，试验Ⅱ组粪便中有少量虫卵外，其余试验组均未发现虫卵；与对照组相比，试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组马匹粪便中每克粪便虫卵数（eggs per gram，EPG）均降低了612.50个（P<0.01），试验Ⅱ组EPG降低了562.50个（P<0.01）。②试验Ⅰ组单核细胞数量极显著（P<0.01）低于对照组；试验Ⅳ组嗜碱性粒细胞数量极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组，显著（P<0.05）高于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组；试验Ⅳ组嗜碱性粒细胞百分率（P<0.01）极显著高于对照组，显著（P<0.05）高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组；试验Ⅳ组平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度极显著（P<0.01）高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。③对照组和试验Ⅰ组平均血小板体积均显著（P<0.05）高于试验Ⅳ组。[结论]4种驱虫药或其组合对伊犁马肠道寄生虫均有显著的驱虫效果，其中，阿苯达唑能够显著减少马匹粪便中EPG数量，有效防治寄生虫感染，并对马匹血液生理指标有积极影响。

关键词: 驱虫药, 伊犁马, 驱虫效果, 血液生理

Abstract:

[Objective] The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the species and quantity of parasitic eggs in feces of Yili horses before and after administration of different anthelmintic drugs, and to assess the effects of anthelmintic drugs on blood physiological parameters of the horses. [Method] A total of 40 one-year-old Yili horses with an average weight of （265.5 ± 35.6） kg and similar birth dates were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, including the control group （n=8）, experiment groupⅠ（n=8）, experiment groupⅡ （n=8）, experiment group Ⅲ （n=8） and experiment group Ⅳ （n=8）. Under the same feeding and management condition as well as dietary nutritional level, ivermectin was given to experiment groupⅠ, praziquantel was given to experiment groupⅡ, albendazole was given to experiment group Ⅲ, a combination of ivermectin and albendazole was given to experiment group Ⅳ, and no anthelmintic drugs were given to the control group. The fecal samples of the horses were collected before deworming and on days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 after deworming. Parasitic eggs were then identified and counted to calculate the parasite infection rate. On day 14 after deworming, the blood samples of the horses were collected and blood physiological parameters were measured. [Result]① On day 14 after deworming, except for the large number and varieties of parasitic eggs in the control group and a tiny number of parasitic eggs in experiment group Ⅱ, no parasitic eggs were found in the other experiment groups. The eggs per gram （EPG） in experiment groupsⅠ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ all decreased by 612.50 （P<0.01） compared to the control group, and the EPG in experiment group Ⅱ decreased by 562.50 （P<0.01）. ②The number of monocytes in experiment groupⅠ was extremely significantly （P<0.01） lower than that in the control group. The number of basophilic granulocytes in experiment group Ⅳ was extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher than that in the control group and experiment group Ⅰ, and was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in experiment groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The percentage of basophilic granulocytes in experiment group Ⅳ was extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher than that in the control group, and was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in experiment groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in experiment group Ⅳ was extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher than that in experiment groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ. ③The mean platelet volume in both the control group and experiment group Ⅰ was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in experiment group Ⅳ. [Conclusion] The 4 anthelmintic drugs or their combinations have prominent anthelmintic effects on intestinal parasites in Yili horses. Among them, albendazole significantly reduces the EPG in horse feces, effectively prevents and treats parasitic infections, and has positive impact on horse blood physiological parameters.

Key words: anthelmintic drugs, Yili horse, anthelmintic effect, blood physiology

中图分类号:

S858.219.795

马玉辉, 陈浩南, 蒋硕, 阿依尼尕尔·阿不来提, 李海, 叶斯哈提·胡安, 奴尔兰·阿克亚孜, 杨开伦. 不同驱虫药对伊犁马驱虫效果及血液生理指标的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2023, 44(2): 121-128.

MA Yuhui, CHEN Haonan, JIANG Shuo, Ayinigaer Abulaiti, LI Hai, Yeshatti Juan, Nulan Akyazi, YANG Kailun. Efficacy of Different Anthelmintic Drugs and Their Effects on Blood Physiological Parameters in Yili Horses[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2023, 44(2): 121-128.

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