植物多糖生物活性及其应用研究进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物多糖是由多个单糖通过糖苷键连接而成的高分子聚合物,广泛分布于植物根、茎、叶和果实中,具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖和降血脂等多种生物活性。植物多糖结构多样且稳定性高,在医药、食品、化妆品及饲料等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。系统综述了植物多糖的分子特性、提取方法、生物活性及其在医药行业、食品行业、化妆品行业及饲料行业等领域的应用进展,以期推动植物多糖在不同领域的深度应用,促进植物资源的高效利用及相关产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 植物多糖, 生物活性, 药食同源, 饲料添加剂

Abstract: Plant polysaccharides are high-molecular-weight polymers composed of multiple monosaccharide units linked via glycosidic bonds. They are widely distributed in plant roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, and possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Owing to their structural diversity and high stability, plant polysaccharides exhibit great potential for application in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and animal feed. This review systematically summarizes the molecular characteristics, extraction methods, and bioactivities of plant polysaccharides, as well as their advancements in applications across the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and feed sectors. The aim is to promote the in-depth application of plant polysaccharides in diverse fields, enhance the efficient use of plant resources, and support the sustainable development of related industries.

Key words: plant polysaccharides, biological activity, medicinal and edible plants, feed additives

中图分类号:

R284

路帅帅, 杨奥淇, 徐硕, 袁媛. 植物多糖生物活性及其应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2025, 46(2): 86-94.

LU Shuaishuai, YANG Aoqi, XU Shuo, YUAN Yuan. Advances in Research on the Bioactivities and Applications of Plant Polysaccharides[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2025, 46(2): 86-94.

参考文献

[1] WU Q,CHENG N,FANG D,et al.Recent advances on application of polysaccharides in cosmetics[J].Journal of Dermatologic Science and Cosmetic Technology,2024,1(1):100004.
[2] GURU P R,KAR R K,NAYAK A K,et al.A comprehensive review on pharmaceutical uses of plant-derived biopolysaccharides[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2023,233:123454.
[3] SALEHI M,RASHIDINEJAD A.Multifaceted roles of plant-derived bioactive polysaccharides:a review of their biological functions,delivery,bioavailability,and applications within the food and pharmaceutical sectors[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2025,290:138855.
[4] CHI A,LI H,KANG C,et al.Anti-fatigue activity of a novel polysaccharide conjugates from Ziyang green tea[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2015,80:566-572.
[5] JING Y,HUANG L,LV W,et al.Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from pulp tissues of Litchi chinensis and its immunomodulatory activity[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2014,62(4):902-911.
[6] KOH J H,KIM K M,KIM J M,et al.Antifatigue and antistress effect of the hot-water fraction from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis[J].Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2003,26(5):691-694.
[7] 周婷婷,范晶,金红字,等.海洋植物多糖的结构分析、药理活性及质量标准研究进展[J/OL].中药材,2024(9):2373-2378[2025-02-03].https://doi.org/10.13863/j.issn1001-4454.2024.09.040.
[8] LIU Y,HUANG Y,ZHU R,et al.Structural elucidation approaches in carbohydrates:a comprehensive review on techniques and future trends[J].Food Chemistry,2023,400:134118.
[9] 张琴,李美东,罗凯,等.植物多糖生物活性功能研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2020,59(24):5-8,15.
[10] 李静,樊佳妮,张龄芷,等.活性植物多糖在食品领域的应用综述[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2021,50(2):162-169.
[11] 王庆琳,陈安新,王芳,等.功能性植物多糖的发酵对其结构及生物活性影响的研究进展[J].现代食品,2024,30(21):46-49,54.
[12] 许梦粤,曾长立,王红波.药食同源植物多糖提取方法、结构解析和生物活性研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2023,44(19):216-224.
[13] 武晓艳,叶钰怡,任文凯,等.植物多糖研究进展:功能活性及潜在机制[J].中国科学:生命科学,2023,53(6):808-824.
[14] 毛欣雨,梁慧,王行,等.植物多糖对动物肠道的保护作用及其分子机制[J].中国畜牧兽医,2022,49(1):150-160.
[15] 刘丽阳,胡彦波,王西,等.酶在植物多糖研究中的应用进展[J].食品研究与开发,2024,45(8):217-224.
[16] 杨斯惠,向月,曹亚楠,等.植物多糖的益生作用及其影响因素研究进展[J].食品科学,2022,43(11):301-310.
[17] HUO J,WU J,ZHAO M,et al.Immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide extracted from Huangshui on THP-1 cells through NO production and increased IL-6 and TNF-α expression[J].Food Chemistry,2020,330:127257.
[18] XIE S Z,ZHANG W J,LIU W,et al.Physicochemical characterization and hypoglycemic potential of a novel polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum Red through PI3K/Akt mediated signaling pathway[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2022,93:105080.
[19] 乔雪婷,李敏琦,许鑫玉,等.低共熔溶剂提取植物多糖的研究进展[J].化学工程师,2024,38(6):60-63.
[20] YU Y,SHEN M,SONG Q,et al.Biological activities and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide from natural resources:a review[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2018,183:91-101.
[21] ZHANG W,HUANG J,WANG W,et al.Extraction,purification,characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Cistanche tubulosa[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2016,93:448-458.
[22] LI J,HUANG G.Extraction,purification,separation,structure,derivatization and activities of polysaccharide from Chinese date[J].Process Biochemistry,2021,110:231-242.
[23] 孙玉玉,任子钰,苏娟,等.植物多糖的提取及生物学功能研究进展[J].中国果菜,2025,45(1):31-37.
[24] 程婷婷,陈贵元.植物多糖提取及抗肿瘤研究进展[J].亚太传统医药,2022,18(2):225-229.
[25] 韦志,阮心眉,戴涛涛,等.碱提砂仁多糖的结构表征及其抗氧化活性研究[J].食品工业科技,2021,42(24):87-93.
[26] 李卫,房雷雷,张彦青,等.桔梗多糖的复合酶提取、结构表征及抗氧化活性分析[J].食品工业科技,2023,44(18):283-291.
[27] 王威振,杨盼盼,遆永瑞,等.龙牙百合多糖的超声辅助提取及其抗氧化、降血脂活性分析[J].食品工业科技,2023,44(18):251-257.
[28] 钟丽霞,江震宇,汪嘉妮,等.山楂多糖提取工艺优化及其降血糖、降血脂活性[J].食品工业科技,2019,40(13):119-124,147.
[29] 张智芳,林文庭.植物多糖提取工艺的研究进展[C]//中国营养学会第十次全国营养学术会议暨第七届会员代表大会论文摘要汇编.北京:中国营养学会,2008:349.
[30] 高敏,王晴,王欣兰,等.低共熔溶剂提取黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].化学工程师,2024,38(2):55-58.
[31] 黄云龙. 植物黄酮类化合物研究进展[J].中国果菜,2025,45(1):71-79.
[32] 胡岗,尹美珍,喻昕,等.艾叶多糖体外抗氧化作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(11):2650-2652.
[33] 王丽雪,解玉怀,杨维仁,等.植物多糖通过核因子κB及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/核因子E2相关因子2信号通路发挥抗氧化作用的机制[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(10):3857-3863.
[34] WU Y T,HUO Y F,XU L,et al.Purification,characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2020,165:2116-2125.
[35] 郭鑫,赵金艳,赵博,等.油茶籽壳多糖超声辅助提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析[J].中国油脂,2024,49(10):104-109,117.
[36] 效心怡,林东昕.癌症起源与早期肿瘤发生分子机制研究进展[J].广西医科大学学报,2024,41(11):1449-1454.
[37] HE Y,JIANG P,BIAN M,et al.Structural characteristics and anti-tumor effect of low molecular weight Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides by reconstructing tumor microenvironment[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2024,119:106314.
[38] 苏畅,李小江,贾英杰,等.香菇多糖的抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展[J].中草药,2019,50(6):1499-1504.
[39] 王成志,刘一帆,张晓青,等.黄芪多糖调控免疫细胞抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展[J].中华中医药学刊,2024,42(8):122-127.
[40] JU H,YU C,ZHANG X D,et al.Recent trends in anti-cancer activities of terrestrial plants-based polysaccharides:a review[J].Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications,2023,6:100341.
[41] WANG C,DUAN X,LI H,et al.On the miRNAs-regulated mechanisms by which natural plant polysaccharides control apoptosis[J].Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine,2024,11:100456.
[42] XU J,TAN Z C,SHEN Z Y,et al.Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides inhibit human cervical cancer hela cells proliferation via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2021,148:111971.
[43] SAEEDI P,PETERSOHN I,SALPEA P,et al.Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045:results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas,9^th edition[J].Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,2019,157:107843.
[44] 孟祥云,郭树明,杨丽霞.中药植物多糖对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的作用机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(8):220-225.
[45] 董文南,李克招,张文婷,等.多糖降血糖作用及其机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2019,25(19):219-225.
[46] 杨文娟,帅召瑞,龚频,等.荨麻多糖提取及其对HepG2细胞的降糖作用研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2024,50(2):23-33.
[47] 苏建辉,马朝阳,杨鹿,等.槲皮素、EGCG对胆固醇酯酶活性和胆固醇胶束抑制作用研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(11):346-349.
[48] 张瑞刚,王超越.沙棘叶茶多糖提取工艺优化及体外降脂活性研究[J].北方园艺,2024(1):93-99.
[49] KASUGA Y,ZHU B,JANG K J,et al.Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies[J].Experimental and Molecular Medicine,2021,53(5):723-736.
[50] LIN P,CHEN L,HUANG X,et al.Structural characteristics of polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and its immunomodulatory effect on macrophages[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(19):11279.
[51] 周雨萱,韩冷,柏丁源,等.天然多糖介导免疫调控作用研究进展[J/OL].重庆医科大学学报,1-5[2025-02-03].https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003724.
[52] 张巧铃,蒋小华,张洁,等.罗汉果干果多糖的分离纯化、结构表征及其体外免疫调节活性[J].食品科学,2025,46(4):10-20.
[53] 查苏娜,苏日娜,齐和日玛,等.刺玫根多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].天然产物研究与开发,2024,36(2):196-205,292.
[54] XIE X,SONG Y,BI X,et al.Characterization of sea buckthorn polysaccharides and the analysis of its regulatory effect on the gut microbiota imbalance induced by cefixime in mice[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2023,104:105511.
[55] 尚伟华,刘剑英,王发合,等.岩藻多糖在胃肠道疾病中的应用研究进展[J].中国食物与营养,2024,30(11):65-69.
[56] MA P,PENG Y,ZHAO L,et al.Differential effect of polysaccharide and nonpolysaccharide components in Sijunzi decoction on spleen deficiency syndrome and their mechanisms[J].Phytomedicine,2021,93:153790.
[57] 于媛媛,祝溢阳,张世诚,等.植物多糖对胃肠道疾病的治疗作用研究进展[J].中华中医药学刊,2024,42(4):194-199.
[58] ZHANG S,ZHANG M,LI W,et al.Research progress of natural plant polysaccharides inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and regulating intestinal flora and metabolism to protect inflammatory bowel disease[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2023,253:126799.
[59] 张雨,王琪茹,师鑫潮,等.香菇多糖对犊牛生长性能、肠道微生物多样性、血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2024(13):85-90,97,112.
[60] 巩子汉,段永强,成映霞,等.白芨多糖对胃溃疡模型大鼠胃组织IL-17、IL-23、TLR-4及NF-κB p65基因和蛋白表达水平影响的研究[J].中国免疫学杂志,2020,36(7):821-825,836.
[61] 吴秋玉,郑远鹏,林志谦,等.黄芪多糖作为饲料添加剂及免疫增强剂在畜牧生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2018(2):30-33.
[62] 伯若楠,王晶,刘晓盼,等.中药多糖作为免疫增强剂及其对肠道黏膜影响的研究进展[J].畜牧兽医学报,2022,53(7):2066-2073.
[63] 柏雪,陈燕燕,马婉婷,等.天然植物多糖的动物免疫调节功能研究进展[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2024,50(4):367-375.
[64] 万遂如. 动物免疫增强剂在养猪生产中的科学应用[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(8):5-8.
[65] YAN R,WANG Y,LI W,et al.Promotion of chronic wound healing by plant-derived active ingredients and research progress and potential of plant polysaccharide hydrogels[J].Chinese Herbal Medicines,2025,17(1):70-83.
[66] AHMED A S,TAHER M,MANDAL U K,et al.Pharmacological properties of Centella asiatica hydrogel in accelerating wound healing in rabbits[J].BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2019,19(1):213.
[67] CHEN X,SHEN M,YU Q,et al.Recent advance in chemistry modified methods of natural polysaccharides and their applications[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology,2024,144:104317.
[68] 张娜,刘扬,陈小强,等.化学修饰植物多糖的生物活性及其在食品领域中的应用研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2025,46(7):375-384.
[69] 陈力霞. 食品添加剂生产现状与发展趋势[J].上海轻工业,2024(4):127-129.
[70] FILIPE-RIBEIRO L,MILHEIRO J,GUISE R,et al.Efficiency of carboxymethylcellulose in red wine tartaric stability:effect on wine phenolic composition,chromatic characteristics and colouring matter stability[J].Food Chemistry,2021,360:129996.
[71] 冯兆园,王贻森,王振宇,等.植物多糖协同增效研究进展[J].精细化工,2024,41(11):2358-2369.
[72] 段晨晨,赵文晓,吕琴,等.药食同源类中药多糖在功能性保健食品方面的药理作用研究进展[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2022,24(10):3844-3850.
[73] LU X,CHEN J,GUO Z,et al.Using polysaccharides for the enhancement of functionality of foods:a review[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology,2019,86:311-327.
[74] 阳赵艳,张泽俊,李浪,等.植物多糖在化妆品中的应用[J].昭通学院学报,2018,40(5):40-43.
[75] 陈斌. 植物多糖在化妆品中的应用研究进展[J].中国野生植物资源,2020,39(4):44-47.
[76] YANG M,ZHANG Z,HE Y,et al.Study on the structure characterization and moisturizing effect of Tremella polysaccharide fermented from GCMCC5.39[J].Food Science and Human Wellness,2021,10(4):471-479.
[77] 穆丹丹,侴桂新.15种中药活性单体化合物对酪氨酸酶抑制作用研究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2019,19(70):153-154.
[78] 李秀娟,胡明月,肖亚聪.荔枝核多糖在化妆品中的应用研究[J].产业创新研究,2023(22):96-98.
[79] 樊燕燕. 黄芪多糖在动物饲料添加剂与免疫增强剂中的应用——评《特种经济动物饲料学》[J].中国饲料,2021(21):153.
[80] 包书芳,黄荣春,陈燕妮.黄芪多糖的作用及养殖应用[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2023(4):16-18.
[81] 徐帆,刘娜,刘佳惠,等.黄芪多糖生物饲料在断奶仔猪上的临床应用[J].畜牧兽医科学,2021(22):8-9.

编辑推荐 0

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	0	0	0	83

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	71	12
比例	86%	14%

摘要

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

0	0	21

	来源	本网站

	次数	21
	比例	100%