鲜食玉米秸秆和菜用大豆秸秆混合青贮对饲用品质和体外消化率的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 明确鲜食玉米秸秆和菜用大豆秸秆混合青贮对饲用品质和体外消化率的影响,筛选二者混合青贮的最佳比例。[方法] 以郑原糯432鲜食玉米秸秆和浙鲜86菜用大豆秸秆为原料,鲜食玉米秸秆∶菜用大豆秸秆按鲜重比设置为0∶1（A1）、1∶3（A2）、2∶3（A3）、1∶1（A4）、3∶2（A5）、3∶1（A6）、1∶0（A7）7 个处理组,进行60 d青贮试验。通过感官评定、营养成分检测、发酵品质分析、体外消化率测定、指标相关性分析,并结合熵权-TOPSIS法综合评价不同混合比例对青贮饲用品质的影响。[结果] 感官评定中,A3、A4、A5、A6处理组等级为优,气味呈芳香味,结构完整且色泽保持良好,A1、A2、A7处理组等级为良。营养成分方面,粗蛋白（crude protein,CP）含量随菜用大豆秸秆比例增加而显著（P<0.05）升高,可溶性碳水化合物（water soluble carbohydrate,WSC）和中性洗涤纤维（neutral detergent fiber,NDF）含量随鲜食玉米秸秆比例增加而显著（P<0.05）升高,各处理组干物质（dry matter,DM）和酸性洗涤纤维（acid detergent fiber,ADF）含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。发酵品质方面,乳酸（lactic acid,LA）含量随鲜食玉米秸秆比例增加而显著（P<0.05）升高,乙酸（acetic acid,AA）、丁酸（butyric acid,BA）和氨态氮（ammoniacal nitrogen,NH₃-N）含量随鲜食玉米秸秆比例增加先降低后升高,A5、A6处理组LA含量较高且BA、NH₃-N 含量较低,各处理组pH值差异不显著（P>0.05）。体外消化率方面,体外中性洗涤纤维消化率（in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility,IVNDFD）随鲜食玉米秸秆比例增加而显著（P<0.05）降低,混合青贮组体外干物质消化率（in vitro dry matter digestibility,IVDMD）显著（P<0.05）高于鲜食玉米秸秆单独青贮组（A7）。相关性分析显示,CP与IVNDFD、IVDMD呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关,与WSC呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关;ADF与AA、BA、NH₃-N、pH值呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关,与WSC、LA、IVDMD呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关,与IVNDFD 呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关;WSC与LA、IVDMD呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关,与AA、BA、NH₃-N、pH值呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关;IVNDFD与IVDMD呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关;熵权-TOPSIS法综合评价显示,A5处理组（鲜食玉米秸秆∶菜用大豆秸秆=3∶2）综合得分最高（0.45）,排名第1。[结论] 鲜食玉米秸秆与菜用大豆秸秆按3∶2鲜重比混合青贮时,饲用品质最佳,体外消化率较高,且各指标间的相关性揭示了原料营养特性、发酵过程与消化利用效率的内在关联,可为秸秆饲料化利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 鲜食玉米秸秆, 菜用大豆秸秆, 混合青贮, 饲用品质, 体外消化率, 熵权-TOPSIS法

Abstract: [Objective] This study aimed to clarify the effects of mixed ensiling of fresh corn stover and vegetable soybean straw on feed quality and in vitro digestibility, and to screen for the optimal mixing ratio. [Methods] Using ′Zhengyuan Nuo 432′ fresh corn stover and ′Zhexian 86′ vegetable soybean straw as raw materials, seven treatments were designed based on the fresh weight ratio of fresh corn stover∶vegetable soybean straw as 0∶1 （A1）, 1∶3 （A2）, 2∶3 （A3）, 1∶1 （A4）, 3∶2 （A5）, 3∶1 （A6）, and 1∶0 （A7）. A 60-day ensiling trial was conducted an experiment. The effects of different mixing ratios on silage feed quality were comprehensively evaluated using sensory evaluation, nutritional component analysis, fermentation quality analysis, in vitro digestibility determination, and correlation analysis of the indicators, along with the Entropy Weight-TOPSIS method. [Results] In the sensory evaluation, treatments A3, A4, A5, and A6 were rated as excellent, exhibiting an aromatic odor, intact structure, and good color retention, while A1, A2, and A7 were rated as good. Regarding nutritional components, the crude protein （CP） content significantly increased as the proportion of vegetable soybean straw increased （P<0.05）, while the water soluble carbohydrate （WSC） and neutral detergent fiber （NDF） contents significantly increased as the proportion of fresh corn stover increased （P<0.05）; no significant differences were observed in dry matter （DM） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） contents among all treatments （P>0.05）. In terms of fermentation quality, lactic acid （LA） content significantly increased with the elevation in fresh corn stover proportion （P<0.05）; acetic acid （AA）, butyric acid （BA）, and ammoniacal nitrogen （NH₃-N） contents first decreased and then increased with the increase in fresh corn stover proportion; treatments A5 and A6 exhibited higher LA content and lower BA and NH₃-N contents; the pH values did not significantly differ among treatments （P>0.05）. Regarding in vitro digestibility, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility （IVNDFD） significantly decreased with the increase in fresh corn stover proportion （P<0.05）; the in vitro dry matter digestibility （IVDMD） of the mixed silage groups was significantly higher than that of the single fresh corn stover silage group （A7）（P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that CP was highly significantly positively correlated with IVNDFD and IVDMD （P<0.01）, and highly significantly negatively correlated with WSC （P<0.01）. ADF was highly significantly positively correlated with AA, BA, NH₃-N, and pH （P<0.01） and highly significantly negatively correlated with WSC, LA and IVDMD （P<0.01）, and highly significantly negatively correlated with IVNDFD （P<0.01）. WSC was highly significantly positively correlated with LA and IVDMD （P<0.01）, and highly significantly negatively correlated with AA, BA, NH₃-N, and pH （P<0.01）. IVNDFD was highly significantly positively correlated with IVDMD （P<0.01）. The comprehensive evaluation using the Entropy Weight-TOPSIS method indicated that the A5 treatment group （fresh corn stover∶vegetable soybean straw=3∶2） achieved the highest comprehensive score （0.45） and ranked first. [Conclusion] When fresh corn stover and vegetable soybean straw were mixed and ensiled at a fresh weight ratio of 3∶2, the feed quality was optimal, and the in vitro digestibility was relatively high. The observed correlations between indicators revealed the intrinsic links among raw material nutritional characteristics, fermentation process, and digestion utilization efficiency, providing a scientific basis for the feed utilization of these straw resources.

Key words: fresh corn stover, vegetable soybean straw, mixed silage, feed quality, in vitro digestibility, Entropy Weight-TOPSIS method

中图分类号:

S816.5

卢相义, 冯珺珩, 滕霄, 牛翠云, 薛文, 肖宇. 鲜食玉米秸秆和菜用大豆秸秆混合青贮对饲用品质和体外消化率的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2025, 46(5): 10-17.

LU Xiangyi, FENG Junheng, TENG Xiao, NIU Cuiyun, XUE Wen, XIAO Yu. Effects of Mixed Silage of Fresh Corn Stover and Vegetable Soybean Straw on Feed Quality and in Vitro Digestibility[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2025, 46(5): 10-17.

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