畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 47-56.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2023.06.006

• 动物营养与饲料科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

适宜青贮玉米-饲用大豆间作模式的大豆品种筛选

卢相义1, 徐玉鹏1, 阎旭东1, 屈新月1, 张海峰1, 滕霄1, 肖宇1, 曹培霞2   

  1. 1.沧州市农林科学院,河北 沧州 061001;
    2.泊头市农业农村局,河北 沧州 062150
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-06 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2024-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 阎旭东(1964—),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事牧草栽培研究工作。
  • 作者简介:卢相义(1986—),男,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事大田作物营养利用研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项目(22326409D)

Screening of Soybean Varieties Suitable for Silage Maize - Forage Soybean Intercropping Model

LU Xiangyi1, XU Yupeng1, YAN Xudong1, QU Xinyue1, ZHANG Haifeng1, TENG Xiao1, XIAO Yu1, CAO Peixia2   

  1. 1. Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Cangzhou 061001,China;
    2. Botou Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Cangzhou 062150,China
  • Received:2023-09-06 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2024-01-11

摘要: [目的]筛选出适宜河北省东部低平原区青贮玉米-饲用大豆间作模式的大豆品种。[方法]选取35个大豆品种为试验材料,每个品种在35 m2(5 m×7 m)小区种植,株距10 cm,行距40 cm,种植密度为17万株/hm2,小区随机分布,重复3次。记录所有大豆品种进入开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期的时间,计算不同大豆品种的生育期(播种至鼓粒期所需天数)。在大豆进入鼓粒期时进行收割,测定鲜重产量;每个品种每个小区随机选取5株大豆植株,杀青、烘干、粉碎后测定粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、粗灰分(Ash)和粗脂肪(CF)含量。使用SPSSAU软件自带的熵权TOPSIS综合评价功能对所有大豆品种的饲用品质进行综合评价并排序。对各大豆品种的生育期、鲜重产量和饲用品质综合评价排序制作综合分析图。[结果]瑞豆一号的生育期最长,达到100 d;油6019、金豆99、安豆109生育期达到97 d,濮豆5110生育期为95 d;中黄78、北豆17、北豆30、丰豆3号和临豆10号的生育期最短,只有85 d。濉科23(40.48 t/hm2)、濉科9(38.34 t/hm2)、菏豆12(38.06 t/hm2)是鲜重产量最高的3个品种。苏豆16(10.29%)的粗灰分含量最高,金豆99(9.80%)、濉科9(9.76%)、圣地1号(9.57%)的粗灰分含量也较高;皖豆37(29.17%)、嘉科豆1号(25.38%)的粗蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他品种;安豆109(6.33%)、丰豆3号(5.93%)、皖豆15(4.97%)的粗脂肪含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他品种;丰豆3号(24.05%)、临豆10(24.38%)和皖豆37(24.46%)的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著(P<0.05)低于其他品种;濉科12(31.52%)、金豆99(32.82%)和濮豆5110(33.39%)的中性洗涤纤维含量显著(P<0.05)低于其他品种。饲用品质综合评价排名前五位的大豆品种为金豆99、濮豆5110、安豆109、濉科12、皖豆37。不同大豆品种的生育期、鲜重产量和饲用品质综合评价排序综合分析图显示,瑞豆一号、安豆109、濮豆5110和金豆99四个品种在三个方面表现均较好。[结论]瑞豆一号、安豆109、金豆99和濮豆5110四个品种可以作为河北省东部低平原区青贮玉米-饲用大豆间作模式的候选品种。

关键词: 大豆, 品种, 生育期, 鲜重产量, 饲用品质, 综合评价

Abstract: [Objective] The aim of the present study was to screen the soybean varieties suitable for silage maize-forage soybean intercropping model in the low plain areas of eastern Hebei Province. [Method] A total of 35 soybean varieties were selected as experimental materials. Each variety was planted in a 35 m2(5 m×7 m)plot, with 10 cm plant spacing and 40 cm row spacing, and planting density of 170 000 plants/hm2. The plots were randomly distributed and repeated three times. The time for flowering, pod setting and grain filling stages of all the soybean varieties was recorded and their growth periods (the number of days from sowing to grain filling stage) were calculated. The soybean were harvested at grain filling stage with fresh weight yield measured. Five soybean plants were randomly selected from each plot and variety, with contents of crude protein (CP), acidic detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude ash (Ash) and crude fat (CF) measured after deactivation, drying and crushing. The entropy weight TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation function in SPSSAU software was used to comprehensively evaluate and rank the feeding quality of all the soybean varieties, and a comprehensive analysis chart for the comprehensive evaluation and ranking of the growth period, fresh weight yield and feeding quality of various soybean varieties was created. [Result] Ruidou No.1 had the longest growth period of 100 days. The growth periods of You 6019, Jindou 99 and Andou 109 reached 97 days, and that of Pudou 5110 was 95 days. The growth periods of Zhonghuang 78, Beidou 17, Beidou 30, Fengdou No.3 and Lindou No.10 were the shortest, only 85 days. Suike 23 (40.48 t/hm2), Suike 9 (38.34 t/hm2) and Hedou 12 (38.06 t/hm2) were the three varieties with the highest fresh weight yield. Sudou 16 (10.29%) had the highest crude ash content, followed by Jindou 99 (9.80%), Suike 9 (9.76%) and Shengdi No. 1 (9.57%). The crude protein contents of Wandou 37 (29.17%) and Jiakedou No.1 (25.38%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other varieties. The crude fat contents of Andou 109 (6.33%), Fengdou No.3 (5.93%) and Wandou 15 (4.97%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other varieties. The ADF contents of Fengdou No.3 (24.05%), Lindou 10 (24.38%) and Wandou 37 (24.46%) were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the other varieties. The NDF contents of Suike 12 (31.52%), Jindou 99 (32.82%) and Pudou 5110 (33.39%) were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the other varieties. The top five soybean varieties in the comprehensive evaluation of feeding quality were Jindou 99, Pudou 5110, Andou 109, Suike 12 and Wandou 37. The comprehensive analysis chart based on the overall evaluation and ranking of the growth period, fresh weight yield and feeding quality of different soybean varieties showed that four soybean varieties, Ruidou No.1, Andou 109, Pudou 5110 and Jindou 99, performed well in all the three aspects. [Conclusion] Ruidou No.1, Andou 109, Jindou 99 and Pudou 5110 could be used as candidate varieties for silage maize-forage soybean intercropping model in the low plain areas of eastern Hebei Province.

Key words: soybean, variety, growth period, fresh weight yield, feeding quality, comprehensive evaluation

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