生物钟调控对动物代谢节律的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.02.002

畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 11-18.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.02.002

生物钟调控对动物代谢节律的影响

吕经纬¹, 杨金丽¹, 孙海洲^2,3,4, 温国娟¹, 蒋锦玉¹, 常开¹, 张崇志^2,3,4

1.内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018;
2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院动物营养与饲料研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
3.内蒙古自治区草食动物营养科学重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
4.农业农村部草食家畜健康养殖与畜产品品质调控重点实验室（部省共建）,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031

收稿日期:2025-11-29 出版日期:2026-03-30 发布日期:2026-06-25
通讯作者: 张崇志（1983—）,男,研究员,博士,主要从事反刍动物营养生理研究工作。
作者简介:吕经纬（2000—）,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为反刍动物营养调控。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（32260842; 31960675）; 内蒙古自治区“草原英才”工程青年创新创业人才项目; 国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系（CARS-39-11）; 内蒙古农牧业科技转移转化资金项目（2025TG09-2）; 内蒙古自治区教育厅高校科研重点项目（NJZZ23040）

Effects of Circadian Clock Regulation on Animal Metabolic Rhythms

LYU Jingwei¹, YANG Jinli¹, SUN Haizhou^2,3,4, WEN Guojuan¹, JIANG Jinyu¹, CHANG Kai¹, ZHANG Chongzhi^2,3,4

1. College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
3. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition Science, Hohhot 010031, China;
4. Key Laboratory of Grass-Feeding Livestock Healthy Breeding and Livestock Product Quality Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs （Co-Construction by Ministry and Province）, Hohhot 010031, China

Received:2025-11-29 Online:2026-03-30 Published:2026-06-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物节律是地球生物在长期进化中适应地球自转与公转形成的内源性周期性调控系统,主要包括日节律与年节律等行为模式。2017年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖相关研究阐明的转录-翻译反馈环（TTFL）机制,为解析生物节律分子调控奠定了核心理论基础。哺乳动物生物钟以下丘脑视交叉上核（SCN）为中枢,通过光信号、神经通路及褪黑素（MT）等内分泌信号,协同调控肝脏、心脏、脂肪等外周组织的节律基因表达,维持机体昼夜节律稳态。光照、温度、进食等外界信号可通过中枢与外周同步机制,影响生物钟系统的运行与相位调整。生物钟通过调控转录组、激素分泌及关键代谢通路,广泛参与动物摄食、睡眠、能量代谢、生殖及宏量营养素（葡萄糖、脂类、蛋白质）的时序性代谢过程,其紊乱可引发代谢异常、心血管功能损伤、繁殖性能下降及多种代谢相关疾病。合理利用光照、饲喂时间等环境干预手段,可优化生物节律以提高动物健康水平与生产效率。文章从生物钟分子基础、环境调控、同步机制、生理效应及代谢调控等方面进行综述,旨在为深入解析雌性动物生物节律与生物钟调控机制、推动节律调控在畜牧生产及健康领域的应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 生物钟, 动物节律, 同步机制, 宏量营养素

Abstract: Biological rhythms are endogenous periodic regulatory systems formed by terrestrial organisms during long-term evolution to adapt to the Earth′s rotation and revolution, mainly including behavioral patterns such as circadian rhythms and annual rhythms. The transcription-translation feedback loop （TTFL） mechanism, elucidated by research related to the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, has laid the core theoretical foundation for analyzing the molecular regulation of biological rhythms. In mammals, the biological clock is centered in the suprachiasmatic nucleus （SCN） of the hypothalamus and synergistically regulates the expression of rhythmic genes in peripheral tissues such as the liver, heart, and adipose tissue through light signals, neural pathways, and endocrine signals such as melatonin （MT）, thereby maintaining the body′s circadian rhythm homeostasis. External signals such as light, temperature, and feeding can influence the operation and phase adjustment of the biological clock system through central and peripheral synchronization mechanisms. The biological clock widely participates in the temporal metabolic processes of animal feeding, sleep, energy metabolism, reproduction, and macronutrients （glucose, lipids, and proteins） by regulating the transcriptome, hormone secretion, and key metabolic pathways. Its disruption can lead to metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular dysfunction, decreased reproductive performance, and various metabolism-related diseases. Reasonable use of environmental interventions such as light and feeding time can optimize biological rhythms to improve animal health and production efficiency. This paper reviews the molecular basis of the biological clock, environmental regulation, synchronization mechanisms, physiological effects, and metabolic regulation, aiming to provide theoretical references for further analysis of biological rhythms and biological clock regulatory mechanisms in female animals, and to promote the application of rhythm regulation in livestock production and health fields.

Key words: biological clock, animal rhythm, synchronization mechanism, macronutrients

中图分类号:

S813

吕经纬, 杨金丽, 孙海洲, 温国娟, 蒋锦玉, 常开, 张崇志. 生物钟调控对动物代谢节律的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(2): 11-18.

LYU Jingwei, YANG Jinli, SUN Haizhou, WEN Guojuan, JIANG Jinyu, CHANG Kai, ZHANG Chongzhi. Effects of Circadian Clock Regulation on Animal Metabolic Rhythms[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(2): 11-18.

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生物钟调控对动物代谢节律的影响

Effects of Circadian Clock Regulation on Animal Metabolic Rhythms

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