奶牛SOX5基因结构分析及对乳脂合成的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.02.001

畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 1-10.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.02.001

奶牛SOX5基因结构分析及对乳脂合成的影响

张宇辉¹, 张梓妍², 高静², 苏佳迪², 杨洋², 黄鹤³

1.哈尔滨维科生物技术有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨 150069;
2.东北农业大学细胞与遗传工程黑龙江省重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030;
3.黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨 150036

收稿日期:2025-12-09 出版日期:2026-03-30 发布日期:2026-06-25
通讯作者: 黄鹤（1979—）,女,主任技师,硕士,主要研究方向为应用微生物。杨洋（1992—）,女,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为家畜泌乳生化机制与分子调控技术。
作者简介:张宇辉（1977—）,男,助理研究员,主要从事牛羊疫苗研发及产业化应用研究工作。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（32402707）; 黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目（LH2024C014）

Structural Analysis of the Bovine SOX5 Gene and Its Effects on Milk Fat Synthesis

ZHANG Yuhui¹, ZHANG Ziyan², GAO Jing², SU Jiadi², YANG Yang², HUANG He³

1. Harbin Weike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.,Harbin 150069, China;
2. Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
3. Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150036, China

Received:2025-12-09 Online:2026-03-30 Published:2026-06-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 探究中国荷斯坦奶牛SRY-box转录因子5（SOX5）在乳腺不同生理阶段的表达规律,明确其蛋白结构特征及对乳脂合成的调控作用。[方法] 采用反转录实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测青春期、泌乳期、干奶期奶牛乳腺组织及乙酸钠、油酸处理后乳腺上皮细胞中SOX5 mRNA表达;利用RNA干扰技术沉默SOX5,结合脂滴染色、甘油三酯（TAG）含量测定,分析其对乳脂合成的影响;通过生物信息学方法开展SOX5基因同源性、蛋白理化性质、二级/三级结构、保守结构域及互作蛋白分析。[结果] SOX5 在泌乳期乳腺组织中表达极显著（P<0.01）高于青春期与干奶期;12 mmol/L乙酸钠或100 μmol/L油酸处理可高度极显著（P<0.001）上调乳腺上皮细胞SOX5表达;沉默SOX5后,乳脂合成关键转录因子 PPARγ表达高度极显著（P<0.001）、SREBP1表达极显著（P<0.01）下调,细胞脂滴数量减少、体积减小、TAG含量极显著降低（P<0.01）;SOX5在物种间高度保守,与山羊同源性最高（99.3%）,含1个HMG-box结构域,为可溶性亲水性蛋白,可与SOX6、SOX9、SATB2等蛋白互作。[结论] SOX5在奶牛泌乳期高表达并受脂肪酸诱导,可促进脂滴与甘油三酯合成。该研究为解析奶牛乳脂合成调控机制提供重要依据。

关键词: 中国荷斯坦奶牛, SOX5 基因, 乳脂合成, 乳腺上皮细胞, 生物信息学

Abstract: [Objective] To explore the expression pattern of SRY-box transcription factor 5 （SOX5） in different physiological stages of the mammary gland in Chinese Holstein cows, and to clarify its protein structure characteristics and its regulation role in milk fat synthesis. [Methods] Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to detect the expression of SOX5 mRNA in bovine mammary gland tissues during the puberty, lactation and dry periods and mammary epithelial cells treated with sodium acetate and oleic acid. RNA interference technology was used to silence SOX5, combined with lipid droplet staining and triglyceride （TAG） content determination to analyze its effect on milk fat synthesis. Bioinformatics methods were performed to analyze the homology, physicochemical properties of the protein, secondary/tertiary structure, conserved domains and interacting protein of the SOX5 gene. [Results] The expression of SOX5 in mammary gland tissue during lactation period was extremely significantly higher than that in puberty and dry periods （P<0.01）. Treatment with 12 mmol/L sodium acetate or 100 μmol/L oleic acid extremely significantly up-regulated the expression of SOX5 in mammary epithelial cells （P<0.001）. After silencing SOX5, the expression of PPARγ （P<0.001）, a key transcription factor of milk fat synthesis, and the expression of SREBP1 （P<0.01） were extremely significantly down-regulated; the number and size of lipid droplets were reduced, and the content of TAG was extremely significantly reduced （P<0.01）. SOX5 is highly conserved among species and has the highest homology with goat （99.3%）. It contains a HMG-box domain and is a soluble hydrophilic protein that can interact with SOX6, SOX9, SATB2 and other proteins. [Conclusion] SOX5 is highly expressed in dairy cows during lactation period and is induced by fatty acids, which can promote the synthesis of lipid droplets and triglycerides. This study provides an important basis for analyzing the regulation mechanism of bovine milk fat synthesis.

Key words: Chinese Holstein cow, SOX5 gene, milk fat synthesis, mammary epithelial cells, bioinformatics

中图分类号:

S823.912

张宇辉, 张梓妍, 高静, 苏佳迪, 杨洋, 黄鹤. 奶牛SOX5基因结构分析及对乳脂合成的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(2): 1-10.

ZHANG Yuhui, ZHANG Ziyan, GAO Jing, SU Jiadi, YANG Yang, HUANG He. Structural Analysis of the Bovine SOX5 Gene and Its Effects on Milk Fat Synthesis[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(2): 1-10.

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奶牛SOX5基因结构分析及对乳脂合成的影响

Structural Analysis of the Bovine SOX5 Gene and Its Effects on Milk Fat Synthesis

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