定时输精技术在母猪批次化生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来受非洲猪瘟和新冠疫情的双重影响,生猪养殖业遭到了严重冲击,批次化生产管理模式在猪场得到广泛应用,极大地提高了养猪生产效率。定时输精是实现母猪批次化生产的关键技术,可有效增加母猪年产胎次数,节约精液用量,同时降低猪只间疾病传播的风险,具有广泛的应用前景。文章就母猪定时输精常用激素、技术应用、影响因素和存在问题及解决方案进行了综述,旨在为猪场批次化生产模式提供技术参考。定时输精技术可分为简式定时输精和精准定时输精,前者需发情鉴定,操作简便,后者无需发情鉴定,在批次化生产中更为常用。该技术效果受精液质量、激素质量与安全性、输精次数及饲养管理等因素影响,目前仍存在后备母猪卵泡囊肿概率高、产白色死胎数多、分娩率降低等问题。针对这些问题,可通过建立后备母猪初情期、优化激素使用、精准饲养管理等方式改善。未来,通过研发新型精液保存液、优化输精程序、提高发情排卵鉴定准确性、开发新型深部输精管、提高激素效价等措施,可进一步完善定时输精技术,促进批次化生产的健康发展。

关键词: 定时输精, 母猪, 批次化生产, 激素

Abstract: In recent years, due to the dual effects of African swine fever and the COVID-19 epidemic, the pig breeding industry has been seriously affected. The batch production management model has been widely used in pig farms, which has greatly improved the efficiency of pig production. Timed artificial insemination is a key technology to realize batch production of sows and can effectively increase the annual number of farrowings per sow, save semen consumption, and simultaneously reduce the risk of disease transmission among pigs, thus showing broad application prospects. This paper reviews the commonly used hormones, technical applications, influencing factors, existing problems and corresponding solutions of timed artificial insemination in sows, aiming to provide technical references for the batch production mode of pig farms. Timed artificial insemination technology can be divided into simplified timed artificial insemination and precise timed artificial insemination. The former requires estrus detection and is easy to operate, while the latter does not require estrus detection and is more commonly used in batch production. The effectiveness of this technique is affected by factors such as semen quality, hormone quality and safety, the number of inseminations, and feeding management. At present, there are still problems such as high incidence of follicular cysts, high number of white stillborn piglets, and reduced farrowing rate in gilts. These problems can be improved through the establishment of puberty for gilts, optimization of hormone use, and precision feeding and management. In the future, the timed artificial insemination technology can be further improved by developing new semen extenders, optimizing insemination procedures, improving the accuracy of estrus and ovulation detection, developing new deep artificial insemination catheters, and enhancing hormone potency, thereby promoting the healthy development of batch production.

Key words: timed artificial insemination, sows, batch production, hormone

中图分类号:

S828.34

肖浩奇, 屈颖新, 石振平, 张金文, 武霞霞, 蒙美丽, 白芙蓉, 白洁. 定时输精技术在母猪批次化生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(2): 72-78.

XIAO Haoqi, QU Yingxin, SHI Zhenping, ZHANG Jinwen, WU Xiaxia, MENG Meili, BAI Furong, BAI Jie. Research Progress on the Application of Timed Artificial Insemination Technology in Batch Production of Sows[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(2): 72-78.

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