布鲁氏菌病A19疫苗免疫犊牛的抗体产生和血液核酸分布规律研究

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.04.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]明确西门塔尔犊牛接种布鲁氏菌病A19疫苗后的抗体动态变化及排菌情况。[方法]选取60头3月龄布鲁氏菌抗体阴性犊牛,其中30头皮下接种A19疫苗,另30头注射等量生理盐水作为对照。在免疫接种前1 d以及免疫后的第2、4、6、8、14、21、28、56、84、112、140、168、196、224、260天,分别采集试验组和对照组犊牛的血清样本共计960份,采用虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）、试管凝集试验（SAT）、竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验（cELISA）以及布鲁氏菌病荧光偏振检测试验（FPA）动态监测犊牛抗体水平。同时,利用荧光定量PCR技术对犊牛的血液样本进行布鲁氏菌核酸的检测。在A19疫苗接种后的7 d观察期内密切监测并记录犊牛健康情况。[结果]首次接种疫苗后6 d内,犊牛血液中可以检测到布鲁氏菌核酸,但超过6 d后,均未检测到布鲁氏菌核酸;试验组有5头犊牛在接种疫苗后出现体温升高、食欲减退等轻微症状,并在72 h内自然消退;接种后2~21 d,犊牛布鲁氏菌抗体阳性检出率逐渐升高,其中cELISA和FPA检测方法在14 d时检出率达100%;28 d时,犊牛布鲁氏菌阳性抗体4种方法检出率均达100%,随着时间的推移,抗体阳性检出率逐渐呈现下降趋势,260 d时试验组犊牛布鲁氏菌抗体阳性检出率下降至0。[结论]A19疫苗具有较高的安全性,首次接种后布鲁氏菌A19疫苗株在犊牛血液中形成的菌血症持续时间较短,能迅速在犊牛体内诱导抗体产生,且抗体阳性检出率呈先升高后降低的趋势。

关键词: 布鲁氏菌病A19疫苗, 犊牛, 血清学检测, 荧光定量PCR, 抗体阳性检出率

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the dynamic changes in antibody levels and bacterial shedding in Simmental calves following vaccination with the Brucella A19 vaccine. [Methods] Sixty 3-month-old Brucella antibody-negative calves were selected, with 30 calves subcutaneously vaccinated with the A19 vaccine and the other 30 injected with an equal volume of physiological saline as a control. A total of 960 serum samples were collected from both the experimental and control groups 1 day before immunization and on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 21, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 196, 224, and 260 post-immunization. Antibody levels of the calves were dynamically monitored using the Rose Bengal Plate Test （RBT）, Standard Tube Agglutination Test （SAT）, Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay （cELISA）, and Brucellosis Fluorescence Polarization Assay （FPA）. Additionally, fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed to detect Brucella nucleic acid in blood samples. The health status of the calves was closely monitored and recorded during a 7-day observation period following A19 vaccination. [Results] Within 6 days after the initial vaccination, Brucella nucleic acid was detectable in the blood of vaccinated calves, but no Brucella nucleic acid was detected beyond 6 days. Five calves in the experimental group exhibited mild symptoms such as elevated body temperature and reduced appetite after vaccination, which resolved spontaneously within 72 hours. From days 2 to 21 post-vaccination, the Brucella antibody-positive detection rate in calves gradually increased, with cELISA and FPA achieving a 100% detection rate on day 14. On day 28, the antibody-positive detection rate reached 100% across all four detection methods. Over time, the antibody-positive detection rate gradually declined, and on day 260, the positive detection rate of Brucella antibodies in the calves in the experimental group decreased to 0. [Conclusion] The A19 vaccine demonstrates highly safe. After the first vaccination, bacteremia induced by Brucella A19 vaccine strain in calves is of short duration, and the vaccine rapidly stimulates antibody production in the calves, with the antibody-positive detection rate exhibiting a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease.

Key words: Brucellosis A19 vaccine, calves, serological testing, fluorescence quantitative PCR, antibody-positive detection rate

中图分类号:

S858.23

韩健健, 王大伟, 戴雪, 范蔚然, 杨芳. 布鲁氏菌病A19疫苗免疫犊牛的抗体产生和血液核酸分布规律研究[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2025, 46(4): 116-121.

HAN Jianjian, WANG Dawei, DAI Xue, FAN Weiran, YANG Fang. Study on Antibody Production and Blood Nucleic Acid Distribution Patterns in Calves Immunized with Brucellosis A19 Vaccine[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2025, 46(4): 116-121.

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