Abstract: Eight pairs of microsatellite primers were used to detect genetic diversity of Changshun blue-eggshell chicken. The results show that the average effective number of alleles, average polymorphism information content, average expected heterozygosity, and average gene heterogeneity in the population were 3.585 6, 0.659 7, 0.713 1, and 0.710 2 respectively,indicating that the population of Changshun blue-eggshell chicken has great genetic variation and rich genetic diversity. The results can provide scientific references for rational protection, development and utilization of Changshun blue-eggshell chicken.