Abstract: Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine plant which contains alkaloids, organic acids, polysaccharides, volatile oil and other effective components. Its pharmacological effects include sedation and analgesia. The components of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and their corresponding function are introduced, so as to provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of this traditional Chinese medicine.