In the present study, the growth of Pochonia chlamydosporia ARSEF3539 was characterized in the aspect of growth process, morphology, and development and formation of conidia and chlamydospore. The results showed that the growth rate of Pochonia chlamydosporia ARSEF3539 in 0.4 g/L of corn meal agar （CMA） medium was slightly different from that in savary- gilliard glucose agar （SDA） medium; the strain grew faster in SDA medium and its clones were thick and white in flocculent shape; the strain grew slower in CMA medium and its clones were thin in flocculent shape; the hyphae on the two medium were radial, thick and developed; conidiophores were single or verticillately distributed in hyphae; there were 4-5 branches in each conidiophore and the conidia aggregately grew on top of each branch; the spore was transparent and was oval or round in shape. Chlamydospore with thick wall was formed in the aged hyphae and each was multicellular in a brick lattice shape.

This study aimed to establish the isolation and culture method of Min Pig ear skin fibroblasts and to under their biological characteristics. To establish a Min Pig ear skin fibroblasts line, the ear skin tissues of 1-day-old Min Pig were cultivated by explant culture technique and the obtained fibroblasts were purified by enzyme digestion and differential adhesion method. The harvested cells were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The fibroblasts showed a typical ＂S＂ shape growth curve and their survival rate before and after freezing were above 90%. The in vitro isolation and culture method of Min Pig ear skin fibroblasts was successfully established in this study.

In order to characterize the serum biochemical parameters of Mongolia Cattle and other breeds of cattle under grazing condition, eight serum biochemical parameters of Mongolia Cattle, Angus Cattle and Hereford Cattle were determined by Microplate reader. The results showed that compared to Angus Cattle and Hereford Cattle, Mongolia Cattle had significantly lower serum content of GC, TG and BUN （P〈0.05）; the serum content of GH in Mongolia Cattle was significantly lower than that of Hereford Cattle （P〈0.05）, and was lower than that of Angus Cattle （P〉0.05）; the serum content of BG in Mongolia Cattle was significantly higher than that of Angus Cattle （P〈0.05）, and was higher than that of Hereford Cattle （P〉0.05）. Compared to Angus Cattle and Hereford Cattle, Mongolia Cattle had higher serum content of ISU and lower serum content of T3 and T4, but no significant differences were observed （P〉0.05）.

In order to improve the sensitivity of RT-qPCR method for detection of Newcastle Disease Virus （NDV）, the concentration of lysis buffer （guanidinium isothiocyanate） and washing solution 1 （guanidine hydrochloride） used in column extraction method for detection of NDV nucleic acid was optimized; the lysis effect of Triton-100 and EDTA on NDV particles was evaluated; the performance of the optimized column extraction method and the traditional Trizo] method in NDV nucleic acid extraction was compared by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the optimum concentration of lysis buffer （guanidinium isothiocyanate） was determined as 5 mol/L and that of solution 1 （guanidine hydrochloride） was determined as 5.5 mol/L; addition of 20 mmol/L EDTA in lysis buffer exhibited an inhibitory effect on the extraction of NDV nucleic acid; addition of 0.8% of Triton-100 in lysis buffer improved the extraction efficiency of NDV nucleic acid. Compare to the traditional Trizol method, the optimized column extraction method had higher extraction efficiency. The extraction method of NDV nucleic acid was optimized by this study.

The aim of the present study was to establish a HPLC method to determine eprinomectin residue in milk. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile and were purified by C-18 solid phase extraction column. After concentration, derivatization and constant volume process, the samples were separated by HPLC and were tested by fluorescence detector. Retention time was used in qualitative analysis and peak area was used in quantitative analysis. The results showed that good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0.5-100 ng/mL and the correlation coefficients were all above 0. 999; the average recoveries ranged from 65.2% to 96.2% in the adding range of 1-40 ng/g; the inter-assay coefficient of variation was below 15% and the intra-assay coefficient of variation was below 10%. The established HPLC method with high simplicity and sensitivity as well as good stabilization is suitable for the determination of eprinomectin residue in milk.

In order to assess the improving effect of dietary supplementation of glutamine on growth performance and meat quality in broilers exposed to circular high temperature, a total of 300 22-day-old AA broilers were chosen and randomly divided into five groups, including one control group （fed basil diet） and four circular heat stress treatment groups （supplementing 0, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of glutamine in basil diet）; at the end of the experiment, the indexes associated with growth performance and meat quality of the broilers were determined and statistically analyzed. The results showed that the circular heat stress significantly decreased the average weight gain （P〈0.05）, average feed consumption （P〈0.05）, a＊ and b＊ value and pH45min and pH24h value of thigh （P〈0.05）, and pH45min and pH24h value of breast （P〈0.05）, and significantly increased the L＊ value and water loss of thigh and breast （P〈0.05）; supplementation of 1.5% of glutamine in basil diet significantly increased the average weight gain （P〈 0.05）, average feed consumption （P〈0.05）, a＊ and b＊ value of thigh （P〈0.05）, and pH45min value of breast （P〈0.05）, and significantly decreased the L＊ value of breast （P〈0.05）. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of glutamine improves growth performance and meat quality in broilers （22- to 28-day-old） under circular heat stress.

This study aimed to assess the effect of outdoor storage time on quality of corn stover raw material and to evaluate the effect of storage time （T） and lactic acid bacteria （LAB） and cellulase （CE） addition on fermentation quality of corn stover silage. Tow storage time was set in this study （TI： silaging immediately after the harvest of corn cob; T2： silaging after 5-month outdoor storage）; there were four treatments for each storage time and there were three repeats for each treatment; the water content of the raw materials was initially adjusted to 60%, and then the materials were added with 2.0 g/t of LAB, 2.0 g/t of CE, and 2.0 g/t of LAB＋2.0 g/t of CE （LAB＋CE） to prepare silage, respectively; the CK treatment received no additives. The results revealed that compared to the fresh corn stover, the content of water soluble carbohydrate （WSC） and crude protein （CP） as well as buffer capacity （BC） of the corn stover stored for 5 months outdoor was significantly reduced （P〈0.05）, and the content of neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fibre （ADF） and acid detergent lignin （ADL） was significantly increased （P〈 0.05）; compared to the silage prepared with corn stover stored for 5 months, the silage prepared with fresh corn stover had lower pH value and acetic acid （AA） content （P〈0.05） and had higher lactic acid （LA） content, lactic acid/acetic acid （LA/AA） and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen （AN/TN,P〈0.05）; the addition of LAB significantly reduced the pH value and AA content （P〈 0.05） and significantly increased the AA content and LA/AA （P〈0.05）; the addition of CE significantly reduced the pH value （P〈0.05） and significantly increased the LA content and LA/AA （P〈0.05）; T and LAB addition had significant effect on all of the indexes associated with fermentation quality （P〈0.05）; CE addition had significant effect on pH value, LA and AA content as well as LA/AA （P〈0.05）; T and LAB addition had significant interactive effect on pH value, AA content and LA/AA （P〈0.05）. The combined data suggest that the silage should be immediately prepared after the harvest of corn cob; the addition of LAB and CE effectively improves the fermentation quality of corn stover silage, and LAB exhibits a better performance than CE.

Mycotoxin is a toxic secondary metabolites produced by mold with a broad range of chemical structure. The poisoning of mycotoxin in animals results in injury of liver, kidney and other organs and causes digestive and metabolic disorders, which increases the susceptibility of animals to diseases and increases mortality. The deposit of mycotoxin in body of food animals may transfer to human by food chain and poses great threat to human health. Therefore, the research of feed mycotoxins adsorbent is significant for the healthy development of breeding industry and human food safety. Currently, the commonly used feed detoxication methods include physical detoxication method, chemical detoxication method, biological detoxication method and compound adsorbent detoxication method. The mycotoxins adsorbents are most commonly used to absorb the mycotoxins in mildewed feed and the mainly used adsorbents are activated carbon, aluminosilicates （montmorillonite, zeolite powder, bentonite, etc.）, and organic compounds （yeast cell wall polysaccharides, etc.）. The mycotoxins adsorbents are widely used in poultry, swine, and dairy cow feed. Although the application of compound mycotoxins adsorbents is an effective way to solving the problem of feed mycotoxins contamination, the issues such as adsorption of nutrients in feed by mycotoxins adsorbents and the generally accepted evaluation standard for absorbing effect of mycotoxins adsorbents are worthy to be discussed.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early forced supplementary feeding on weight gain and rearing benefit of different breeds of lamb in Lanzhou of Gansu Province. Ten healthy lambs for each breeds of Hu Sheep, small-tail Han Sheep, F1 hybrids of Dorper Sheep and Hu Sheep, and F1 hybrids of Dorper Sheep and small-tail Han Sheep were selected in this study, and the lambs in the same breed were included in the same group. From 7-day-old to weaning （60-day-old）, the lambs were subjected to early forced supplementary feeding by feeding with starter. The lambs were weighed at the date of birth and weaning, and the average daily gain of different groups were calculated and statistically compared; the diseases incidence was recorded and compared; the body measurement indicators were determined at the weaning day and were statistically compared; the rearing benefit of different groups were calculated and compared. The results showed compared to Hu Sheep and small-tail Han Sheep lambs, the Fl hybrids of Dower Sheep and small-tail Han Sheep as well as Fl hybrids of Dorper Sheep and Hu Sheep lambs had significantly higher average daily gain （P〈0.05）; the Hu Sheep and Fj hybrids of Dorper Sheep and small-tail Han Sheep lambs had higher diseases incidence than small-tail Han Sheep and F1 hybrids of Dorper Sheep and Hu Sheep lambs; the chest width of the 60-day-weaned F1 hybrids of Dorper Sheep and small-tail Han Sheep lambs was significantly higher than that of Hu Sheep and small-tail Han Sheep lambs （P〈0,05）, and was higher than that of F1 hybrids of Dorper Sheep and Hu Sheep lambs （P〉 0.05 ）; no significant differences in the other body measurement indicators were found （P〉0.05） between the four breeds of lambs; the rearing benefit of F1 hybrids of Dorper Sheep and small-tail Han Sheep, Fi hybrids of Dower Sheep and Hu Sheep and Hu Sheep lambs was 90.92 Yuan, 67.18 Yuan and 3.31 Yuan higher than that of small-tail Han Sheep lambs, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest that early forced supplementary feeding by feeding starter effectively improves the production performance and rearing benefit, and this supplementary feeding technique is worthy to be promoted and applied in Lanzhou area.

Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. is one of the invasive species which is harmful to agricultural and animal husbandry production. In recent years, it has been spreading all over the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, especially in the grassland area of Tongliao, and has been posing great threat to the grassland ecological environment and agricultural and animal husbandry production. A scientific chemical control measure may effectively restrain the further spreading of this species, which has a positive meaning for improving the grassland ecological environment. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical control effect of two herbicides with different concentrations against Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. by using a pot culture technique. The results showed that both quizalofop-p-ethyl EC at a concentration of 5% and haloxyfop-P-methyl EC at a concentration of 10.8% exhibited better control effect against the seedling Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth., and no significant differences in control effect between the two herbicides were observed; although the control effect was improved with the increase of application concentration, there were no significant differences in control effect between the application of the concentration of 1.5 times and 2.0 times. In the general case, the ideal control effect is obtained two weeks after the application of herbicides, and with the extension of spraying time, no significant changes are observed in control effect.

In order to assess the characteristics of forage yield structure in natural grassland of Gonghe County of Qinghai Province, the yield of economic groups of forage was calculated and investigated by correlation analysis. The results showed that the highest forage yield was observed in alpine meadow grassland and the dominant species were Cyperaceae plants; except for temperate grassland and lowland meadow grassland, the other natural grassland accounted for most of the yield of high quality forage, indicating that the degeneration degree of natural grassland in Gonghe County was generally slight and it could be restored by ecological engineering.

In order to evaluate the application effect of a commercially available fulvic acid nutrient solution with trade name of Huangfutian in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia and to assess the correlation of fertilizer with yield, quality and soil of natural grassland, a fertilization experiment was designed and conducted in Handahan Village, Dalinur Town, Hexigten Banner of Inner Mongolia. Three control groups and seven treatments were set in this study. The results of dual factors （fertilizing concentration and fertilizing frequency） experiment showed that the highest average increase of forage yield （2 266.5 kg/hm2） was observed in the treatment of single application of fulvic acid nutrient solution with concentration of 150 kg/hm2 in August. This combination of experimental factors had the highest yield increase benefit of fertilizing in all of the treatments in 2016.

Qin-ba mountain area is a traditional agricultural region where grain production is paid more attention than grass production. The orientation and cognition of prataculture is misunderstood to a large extent by local people. Furthermore, the relatively dependent ecological subject position of this region as well as social and economic function of prataeuhure is barely known in this region. It is of great significance to develop pratacuhure for solving the grain-animal contradiction, promoting the transformation and upgrade of animal husbandry, accelerating local economic development, and increasing farmers＇ income. Taking Guangyuan of Sichuan Province as an example, the foundation and existing problems in development of prataeulture in Qin-ba mountain area is discussed and the corresponding measures are put forward.

Performance evaluation which has a wide range of application belongs to the category of management. The definition of performance evaluation offered by different organizations at home and abroad varied. Scientific performance evaluation is an effective way for preventing the blindness and inefficiency in investment, avoiding the loss of profits, and controlling the ecological damage brought by the project implementation. According to theories and practices in performance evaluation of investment project at home and abroad, following the scientific, standard, impartial and open principle, quantitative and qualitative analysis methods are used comprehensively to discuss the establishment of performance evaluation method and its index system on animal husbandry projects. We hope that the establishment of this method may provide scientific references for the right and rational choice of animal husbandry projects in future.

Swine production industry in Hebei Province has a long history. Due to the intrinsic hysteresis in production and pork price cycle, the swine breeding becomes the weakest link in swine industry chain in terms of economic benefit. In order to better reduce the pork price fluctuation, improve the breeding benefit and steady swine production, we analyzed the influencing factors associated with economic benefit of swine production with different scales in Hebei Province from 2006 to 2015, and determined the key factors associated with economic benefit of swine production by using cost and benefit theory and production function model. The results showed that piglet＇s price and feed price was found as the key factors and significant factors associated with economic benefit of swine production, respectively; an appropriate increase in quantity of labor force helps to improve the economic benefit of swine production.

Long eyebrow camels constitute a small part of camel population in China. Less than 1 000 of long eyebrow camels are distributing all around China and there are about 100 artificially reared long eyebrow camels in Alax region of Inner Mongolia. The distribution range, breeding history and body shape characteristics of long eyebrow camels in Alax region were introduced, and the production performance of long eyebrow camels and general camels was compared. We found that the thickness and length of body-side fluff of long eyebrow camels were higher than that of general camels; the long eyebrow camels had the similar fiber fineness trait with general camels; no obvious differences were observed in the scale structure of fiber between long eyebrow camels and general camels.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of single and combined application of traditional Chinese herbs against Staphylococcus isolates from poultry in vitro. The minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） of thirteen kinds of traditional Chinese herbs against clinical isolates of poultry origin Staphylococci was determined by tube double dilution method. Five kinds of traditional Chinese herbs with better antibacterial activity were screened, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index （FIC index ） against Staphylococci when the five kinds of traditional Chinese herbs were combinedly used was determined by checkerboard dilution method. The results showed that the aqueous extract of uncaria and dark plum showed the best antibacterial activity in vitro against the poultry origin Staphylococci and both of their MIC was less than 1.95 mg/mL, followed by that of coptis and sappan wood with MIC of 3.91 mg/mL. The synergistic antibacterial effect was observed in the combined application of honeysuckle and myrobalan, and the other combinations exhibited irrelevant or antagonistic action.

Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine plant which contains alkaloids, organic acids, polysaccharides, volatile oil and other effective components. Its pharmacological effects include sedation and analgesia. The components of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and their corresponding function are introduced, so as to provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of this traditional Chinese medicine.

[ Objective ]The aim of the present study was to assess the sedative and hypnotic effect of pachyman on mice. [ Methods ] The anticonvulsant effect of pachyman on mice was evaluated and its synergistic effect with pentobarbital was assessed. Five groups were included in this study. The blank control group, positive control group, and low-, middle-, high-dose group of pachyman were intragastricly administrated with 0.2 mL/（ 10 g. BW-d） of normal saline, 0.26 mg/（kg. BW. d） of diazepam, and 1.90 g/（kg ·BW ·d）, 3.61 g/（kg ·BW ·d）, 5.80 g/（kg ·BW ·d） of pachyman. [Results] High dose of pachyman exhibited anticonvulsant effect on mice with anticonvulsant efficiency of 60.00%, and the sleep duration of mice in high-dose group was increased to around 73.2 min under the synergy of pachyman and pentobarbital; the anticonvulsant efficiency of middle-dose and low-dose group of pachyman was 20.00% and 16.50%, respectively, and the sleep duration of mice in middle-dose group and low-dose group was increased to around 63.2 min and 55.7 min under the synergy of pachyman and pentobarbital, respectively. The antieonvulsant efficiency and sleep duration of mice in blank control group and positive control group was 0, 80.00% and around 48.1 min, 95.3 min respectively. [ Conclusion ] Pachyman has a dose-dependent sedative and hypnotic effect on mice.

Apicultural Science is a traditional and foundational course of College of Animal Science and Technology in Anhui Agricultural University. Although the content of this course is updated constantly, the experimental content is gradually compressed. In view of the isolation and incompleteness of the traditional experimental teaching, we conduct a preliminary reform on teaching method of Apicultural Science experiment according to the biological characteristics of honey bees. The main reforming contents are as following： optimization of experimental contents, innovation of experimental teaching method, introduction of scientific research to teaching process.

Veterinary Parasitology is one of the main courses for the major of veterinary medicine. The traditional teaching methods have been difficult to meet the teaching needs. The rapid development of internet technology and the popularity of the internet provide a platform for the use of network resources to improve teaching effect. The experiences in improving teaching effect of Veterinary Parasitology by using network teaching resources on parasitology are introduced, so as to provide references for the teaching reform of this course.

A clinical survey was conducted on 52 cases of canine urolithiasis in Hohhot collected from December 2013 to February 2017, and the constituents of urinary calculi were analyzed. The result showed that high incidence of urolithiasis was observed in dog breeds of Teddy, mastiff and schnauzer; 1- to 5-year-old dogs accounted for 65% of the incidence of urolithiasis; higher incidence of urolithiasis was observed in females （54%） than males （46%）; most of the calculi were found in bladder, accounting for 71% of the cases; phosphate, oxalate and urate accounted for 44%, 35% and 17% of the constituents of urinary calculi, respectively. The results obtained in this study provide clinical data for further understand of influencing factors associated with canine urolithiasis and their correlation, and provide references for the prevention and control of this disease in Hohhot.

In order to understand the epidemiological characteristics of canine coronavirus （CCoV or CCV） disease in Zhengzhou area of Henan Province, a total of 209 suspected cases visiting a large scale animal hospital in Zhengzhou from March 2015 to March 2016 were included in this study and were investigated. The results showed that 42.31% of the cases were confirmed as CCoV infection positive; purebred dogs and male dogs seemed to be more sensitive to CCoV infection than crossbred dogs and female dogs; the prevalence of CCoV infection was observed in the whole year, and higher prevalence was observed in spring and autumn; higher infection rate of CCoV was found in dogs younger than 90 days of age, and it was reduced with the increase of age. The combined data suggest that there is higher prevalence of CCoV infection in canine in Zhengzhou area, indicating that more attention should be paid.

Liver plays essential roles in regulating lipid metabolism in avian. The lipid metabolism in laying hens is relatively more active due to the requirement of egg producing and therefore fatty liver syndrome （FLS） is commonly induced. The pathogenesis of FLS in laying hens is reviewed in this paper, so as to provide references for the researchers.